水声通信及网络技术综述

杨健敏; 王佳惠; 乔钢; 刘凇佐; 马璐; 何鹏

doi:10.11999/JEIT230424

水声通信及网络技术综述

doi: 10.11999/JEIT230424

杨健敏^{1, 5, 6},
王佳惠¹,
乔钢^{2, 3, 4, ,},
刘凇佐^{2, 3, 4},
马璐^{2, 3, 4},
何鹏¹

1.
中山大学海洋工程与技术学院珠海 519000
2.
哈尔滨工程大学水声技术重点实验室哈尔滨 150001
3.
工业和信息化部海洋信息获取与安全工信部重点实验室(哈尔滨工程大学) 哈尔滨 150001
4.
哈尔滨工程大学水声工程学院哈尔滨 150001
5.
南方海洋科学与工程广东省实验室(珠海) 珠海 519000
6.
极地环境立体观测与应用教育部重点实验室(中山大学) 珠海 519000

详细信息

作者简介:
杨健敏：男，副教授，研究方向为水声通信及组网

王佳惠：女，硕士生，研究方向为水声通信及组网

乔钢：男，教授，研究方向为水声通信及组网

刘凇佐：男，教授，研究方向为水声通信及组网

马璐：女，教授，研究方向为水声通信及组网

通讯作者:
乔钢　qiaogang@hrbeu.edu.cn

中图分类号: TN929.3
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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2023-05-15
- 修回日期: 2023-11-06
- 网络出版日期: 2023-11-14
- 刊出日期: 2024-01-17

Review of Underwater Acoustic Communication and Network Technology

YANG Jianmin^{1, 5, 6},
WANG Jiahui¹,
QIAO Gang^{2, 3, 4
, ,},
LIU Songzuo^{2, 3, 4},
MA Lu^{2, 3, 4},
HE Peng¹

1.
School of Ocean Engineering and Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai 519000, China
2.
Acoustic Science and Technology Laboratory, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin 150001, China
3.
Key Laboratory of Marine Information Acquisition and Security(Harbin Engineering University), Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Harbin 150001, China
4.
College of Underwater Acoustic Engineering, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin 150001, China
5.
Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai 519000, China
6.
Key Laboratory of Comprehensive Observation of Polar Environment (Sun Yat-sen University), Ministry of Education, Zhuhai 519000, China

摘要

摘要: 水声通信(UAC)及网络技术在海洋环境监测、商业领域和军事领域等诸多方面发挥着重要作用，关心海洋、认识海洋、经略海洋离不开水声通信及网络技术的发展。该文对水声通信技术和水声通信网络(UACN)进行综述，首先回顾了水声通信技术和水声通信网络的发展，总结了水声信道的特点。然后，对于水声通信技术中的非相干调制技术、相干调制技术以及以应用需求为导向的新型通信技术进行陈述。随后，对于水声通信网络中数据链路层媒介接入控制协议、网络层的路由协议和跨层设计进行分类探讨。最后，对目前水声通信及网络技术的不足进行总结，并且对未来水声通信及网络技术的发展进行展望。
- 水声通信 /
- 水声通信网络技术 /
- 调制解调 /
- MAC协议 /
- 路由协议
Abstract: Underwater Acoustic Communication(UAC) and network technology play an important role in marine environment monitoring, commercial field and military field, caring about the ocean, understanding the ocean, and managing the ocean are inseparable from the development of underwater acoustic communication and network technology. The UAC technology and Underwater Acoustic Communication Network(UACN) are reviewed in this paper. Firstly, the development of underwater acoustic communication technology and underwater acoustic communication network is reviewed, and the characteristics of underwater acoustic channel is summarized. Then, the incoherent modulation technology, coherent modulation technology and new communication technology oriented to application requirements in underwater acoustic communication technology are described, and the data link layer media access control protocol, network layer routing protocol and cross-layer design in underwater acoustic communication network are classified and discussed. Finally, the shortcomings of current underwater acoustic communication and network technology are summarized, and the future development of underwater acoustic communication and network technology is prospected.
- Underwater Acoustic Communication (UAC) /
- Underwater Acoustic Communication Network (UACN) technology /
- Modulation and demodulation /
- MAC protocol /
- Routing protocol

HTML全文

图 1 广义水声通信网络

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图 2 3种协议体系对比

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图 3 水声通信技术的发展历程

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图 4 Seaweb网络的发展历程

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图 5 全双工水声通信

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图 6 仿生水声通信

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图 7 MAC协议分类

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图 8 TDMA协议分类

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图 9 VBF协议转发原理

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图 10 FBR协议转发原理

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图 11 DFR协议转发原理

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表 1 各种水下通信方式的优缺点

通信方式	传输速率	带宽	时延	传输距离	通信信道的影响因素
水下电磁波通信	较高	较高	较低	极短	介电常数，电导率等
水下光通信	较高	高	较低	较短	介质的对光的吸收、散射等
水声通信	较低	低	较高	较长	介质的压力、温度等

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表 2 路由协议的特点与主要缺点

序号	路由协议	特点	主要缺点
1	VBF^[87]	(1)基于位置的路由方案 (2)只有少数节点参与路由，其他节点处于空闲状态 (3)允许特定节点转发以减少网络流量	(1)在稀疏网络中，性能不佳 (2)无法恢复无效区域 (3)难以找到合适的路由半径阈值
2	HH-VBF^[89]	(1)数据传输采用逐跳技术 (2)在稀疏区域，比VBF性能更好	(1)比VBF更多的数据包开销 (2)端到端时延较高
3	FBR^[90]	(1)节点只知道其位置和目的地的位置 (2)通过保持不同的功率水平来降低能耗 (3)吞吐量较高	(1)该方案增加了开销 (2)由于接收节点是固定的，网络受到更多限制
4	DFR^[91]	(1)通过泛洪传输数据 (2)比VBF更短的端到端时延和更少的通信开销	(1)泛洪导致能耗高
5	DBR^[92]	(1)节点路由决策仅依赖于深度 (2)在密集网络中具有良好的性能	(1)上层节点或因过度转发死亡 (2)稀疏网络中性能不佳
6	EEDBR	(1)是DBR协议的扩展 (2)综合考虑能量和深度选择最佳中继	(1)无多路径通信机制 (2)由于噪声和多径衰落，存在较高误码率
7	D-DBR^[93]	(1)基于无定位接收节点的路由协议 (2)DBR协议的扩展 (3)数据包转发使用对角线距离的方法	(1)没有从空洞区域恢复的方法 (2)稀疏网络中，数据包送达率不佳

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