Barrier Coverage Strategy for Underwater Directed Wireless Sensor Networks Based on Hierarchy Graph
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摘要: 栅栏覆盖问题近年来已成为水下传感器网络研究的热点，但水下有向传感器网络的栅栏覆盖问题尚未得到足够的重视。随机部署前提下的水下静态有向传感器网络的栅栏覆盖难度较大，因此目前关于该问题的相关研究成果较少。为弥补这方面研究的不足，该文提出一种基于图分级的有向传感器网络首次栅栏覆盖策略。首先，该策略深入研究了多种位置关系下两个相邻节点之间满足强(弱)连接的条件；其次，利用位置关系条件构建分级图，从中选取合适节点进行栅栏的首次构建。仿真实验结果表明：采用该算法对静态有向传感器网络进行栅栏首次构建在确保较高成功率的前提下采用的节点数更少，保证了较高的网络检测概率和较长的网络寿命。Abstract: Barrier coverage has become a research hotspot of Underwater Wireless Sensor Networks (UWSNs) in recent years. However, the barrier coverage of Underwater Directed Sensor Networks (UDSNs) has not been paid enough attention. The barrier coverage of static UDSNs under random deployment is so difficult that there are a few relevant research results on this problem. In this paper, the barrier coverage strategy of UDSNs on the basis of hierarchy graph is proposed for offseting that deficiency. In this strategy, the conditions for strong (weak) connection between two adjacent nodes under multiple location relationships is studied for the first time, then the coverage graph is built and graded based on this condition. On the foundation of hierarchy graph, appropriate nodes can be selected from the randomly distributed static UDSN. The experimental results show that adopting this algorithm less sensor nodes are adopted to construct barrier coverage on the premise of ensuring a high success rate. What's more, this algorithm can ensure higher network detection probability and longer network lifetime.
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算法1 基于图分级的有向传感器网络强栅栏覆盖算法 输入：相邻节点的位置信息和节点的感知半径、方向角和偏移角 si, (xi,yi)(i =1, 2, ···, N), Rs, α, β 输出：发送构建栅栏信息包 步骤1：建立分级覆盖图 接收信息包或错误反馈 for i–1 : N (i+j) if xj≤Rs 发送信息包：sj位于分级图的第0级 else if d(si, sj)≤2Rs, and 0≤β≤π/2 if $\theta \ge {\rm{arccos} }\left( {1 - \dfrac{ { { {{d} }^2} } }{ {2{{R} }_s^2} } } \right)$ or $\alpha '_1 - \beta < 0 $ and $\alpha '_1 + \beta > 0 $ and d(s1, s2)≤Rs or $\alpha '_2 + \beta > \pi $ and o$\alpha '_2 - \beta < \pi $ and d(s1, s2)≤Rs 发送信息包：Si与sj建立连接，sj位于分级图的第i级 end else if d(si, sj)≤2Rs and $\pi /{\rm{2}} \le \beta \le \pi $ if $\beta < \alpha '_1 < 2\pi $ and $2\pi-\beta < \alpha '_2 < 2\pi +\beta$ and max $\left\{ { { {{R} }_s}\cos \left( {2\pi - \alpha '_1 - \beta } \right),{ {{R} }_s}\cos \left( {\alpha '_1 - \beta } \right)} \right\} +$ max $\left\{ { { { {R} }_s}\cos \left( {\pi - \alpha'_2 - \beta } \right),{ { {R} }_s}\cos \left( {\alpha '_2 - \beta - \pi } \right)} \right\} \ge d\left( { { { {s} }_1},{ {{s} }_2} } \right)$ or $\beta < \alpha '_1 < 2\pi - \beta $ and $0 < \alpha '_2 < \pi /2 $ and ${ {{R} }_s} + \max \left\{ { { {{R} }_s}\cos \left( {2\pi - \alpha '_1 - \beta } \right),{ {{R} }_s}\cos \left( {\alpha '_1 - \beta } \right)} \right\} \ge d\left( { { {{s} }_1},{ {{s} }_2} } \right)$ or $\pi /2 < \alpha '_1 < 3\pi /2 $ and $2\pi -\beta < \alpha '_2 < 2\pi +\beta $ and ${{\boldsymbol{R}}_s} + \max \left\{ {{{\boldsymbol{R}}_s}\cos \left( {2\pi - \alpha '_2 - \beta } \right),{{\boldsymbol{R}}_s}\cos \left( {\alpha '_2 - \beta - \pi } \right)} \right\} \ge d\left( {{{\boldsymbol{s}}_1},{{\boldsymbol{s}}_2}} \right) $ or d(s1, s2)≤Rs 发送信息包：Si与sj，建立连接，sj位于分级图的第i级 end else if L–xj≤Rs 发送信息包：sj位于分级图的第j级 end end 步骤2：构建栅栏 接收信息包或错误反馈 if与sj建立连接的节点中有两个节点分别位于不同的级 发送信息包：sj参与构建栅栏 end 
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