大规模STAR-RIS辅助的通感一体化全空间隐蔽传输

谢文武; 张沁可; 杨亮; 王骥; 余超; 刘新忠; 崔亚茹

doi:10.11999/JEIT260145

大规模STAR-RIS辅助的通感一体化全空间隐蔽传输

doi: 10.11999/JEIT260145 cstr: 32379.14.JEIT260145

1.
湖南理工大学信息科学与工程学院岳阳 414006
2.
湖南大学，计算机学院长沙 410082
3.
华中师范大学，物理科学与技术学院武汉 430079

基金项目: 国家自然科学基金 (62472169)，湖南省自然科学基金(2023JJ50045, 2024JJ7218, 2024JJ7219)，湖南省教育厅项目(22B0676, 23C0217)，湖南省大学生创新创业项目(S202410543061)

详细信息

作者简介:
谢文武：男，副教授，研究方向为5G&6G基带算法、NFC等

张沁可：女，硕士生，研究方向为RIS、凸优化

杨亮：男，教授，研究方向为可重构智能表面、非正交多址接入等

王骥：男，副教授，研究方向为5G/6G无线通信

余超：男，副教授，研究方向为NOMA、凸优化

刘新忠：男，副教授，研究方向为边缘计算、信息安全、汽车电子等

崔亚茹：女，本科生，研究方向为可重构智能表面

通讯作者:
余超　12012017@hnist.edu.cn

中图分类号: XXXX
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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 修回日期: 2026-04-17
- 录用日期: 2026-04-17
- 网络出版日期: 2026-05-05

Full-Space Covert Transmission Assisted by XL-STAR-RIS for Integrated Sensing and Communication

1.
College of Information Science and Engineering, Hunan Institute of Science and Technology, Yueyang 414006, China
2.
College of Information Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
3.
College of Physical Science and Technology, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, China

Funds: The National Natural Science Foundation of China (62472169), Hunan Provincial Natural Science Foundation (2023JJ50045, 2024JJ7218, 2024JJ7219), The Project of Education Bureau of Hunan Province (22B0676, 23C0217), Hunan Provincial College Students Innovation and Entrepreneurship-Project: (S202410543061)

摘要

摘要: 为提高通感一体化(Integrated Sensing and Communication, ISAC)系统中信息传输的隐蔽性，该文研究基于超大规模同时透射和反射表面(Extremely Large-Scale Simultaneous Transmitting and Reflecting Reconfigurable Intelligent Surface, XL-STAR-RIS)的近场通感一体化系统，旨在实现隐蔽通信的资源优化。首先，建立近场球面波信道模型与信号传输模型，分析窃听者Willie的最优检测性能，并推导其最小检测错误概率的闭合下界表达式。在此基础上，根据通信要求，以最大化隐蔽通信速率为目标，综合考虑发射功率约束、感知信噪比约束及隐蔽性要求，构建了联合波束成形优化问题。为解决该非凸问题，该文提出一种融合半定松弛(Semidefinite Relaxation, SDR)、Dinkelbach型迭代与惩罚函数的分层交替优化算法，实现了主动发射波束与被动STAR-RIS系数的协同设计。仿真结果表明，所提方案在隐蔽通信速率、感知精度与收敛性能方面均优于传统被动RIS及无RIS基准方案。
- 隐蔽通信 /
- XL-STAR-RIS /
- 通感一体化(ISAC)
Abstract: Objective The evolution of 6G towards higher frequencies and larger antenna arrays positions ISAC as a key enabling technology. However, ISAC faces inherent challenges, including poor communication concealment and resource competition between sensing and communication functions. While covert communication and RIS offer promising solutions, existing research predominantly employs reflective RIS with limited half-space coverage and often operates under unrealistic far-field assumptions. To address these gaps, this paper proposes a novel near-field, full-space ISAC framework assisted by an XL-STAR-RIS. The core objective is to jointly optimize active and passive beamforming to enhance communication covertness and rate while strictly maintaining sensing performance, thereby providing a new paradigm for secure 6G networks. Methods The methodology begins with an analysis of the warden's detection capability, deriving a lower bound for its minimum detection error probability. Subsequently, a non-convex optimization problem is formulated to maximize the covert communication rate, constrained by sensing performance, a covertness threshold, and transmit power limits. The coupling between active beamforming vectors and passive RIS coefficients makes direct solution intractable. Therefore, an AO framework is adopted, decomposing the problem into two tractable subproblems. The active beamforming subproblem is solved using SDR enhanced with a PSCA method. The passive beamforming subproblem is handled via the Dinkelbach algorithm, incorporating a rank-one constraint penalization technique. These subproblems are solved iteratively within the AO loop until convergence is achieved. Results and Discussions Simulation results validate the proposed framework. The algorithm demonstrates efficient convergence within approximately 10 iterations. It achieves a superior covert communication rate of 11.5 bps/Hz, significantly outperforming baseline passive-RIS (9.8 bps/Hz) and non-RIS (8.0 bps/Hz) schemes. The performance advantage is further magnified with increased transmit power, highlighting excellent power adaptability. Crucially, the framework maintains robust performance under stringent conditions: it sustains a higher covert rate than benchmarks when sensing requirements are elevated, and preserves a high communication rate even under stricter covertness constraints. These results conclusively demonstrate that the joint XL-STAR-RIS beamforming optimization effectively balances the tripartite trade-off between communication, sensing, and covertness in near-field ISAC scenarios. Conclusions This paper presents an XL-STAR-RIS-assisted covert communication framework for near-field ISAC systems. By jointly designing active and passive beamforming through an efficient alternating optimization algorithm, the framework successfully balances communication rate, sensing accuracy, and transmission covertness. Comprehensive simulations confirm its superiority over conventional schemes, particularly under stringent operational constraints, proving its potential for secure, full-space 6G applications. Future work will focus on extending the framework to scenarios with imperfect channel knowledge, dynamic environments, and multi-RIS collaboration to enhance its practicality and robustness.
- Covert communication /
- Extremely large-scale reconfigurable intelligent surface /
- Integrated sensing and communication

HTML全文

图 1 XL-STAR-RIS辅助的近场隐蔽通信系统

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图 2 通信速率与迭代次数的关系

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图 3 隐蔽通信速率与$ {P}_{\max } $的关系

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图 4 隐蔽通信速率与雷达感知需求阈值的关系

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图 5 隐蔽通信速率与隐蔽需求阈值的关系

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表 1 仿真参数

参数	符号和数值	单位
波长	$ \lambda =0.03 $	m
天线间距	$ d=\dfrac{\lambda }{2} $	m
1 m处的路径损耗	$ {\rho }_{0}=30 $	dB
总传输功率	$ {P}_{\max }=30 $	dB
噪声功率	$ {\sigma }^{2}=-85 $	dB
莱斯因子	$ \varepsilon =3 $	dB
路径损耗指数	$ {\alpha }_{\text{br}}=2 $

下载: 导出CSV

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