精确饱和模型引导的SAR饱和干扰抑制方法

段伦豪; 陆星宇; 谭珂; 刘宇双; 杨建超; 余静; 顾红

doi:10.11999/JEIT251283

精确饱和模型引导的SAR饱和干扰抑制方法

doi: 10.11999/JEIT251283 cstr: 32379.14.JEIT251283

南京理工大学电子工程与光电技术学院南京 210094

基金项目: 国家自然科学基金(62101260, 62001229, 62101264)

详细信息

作者简介:
段伦豪：男，博士生，研究方向为SAR干扰抑制以及干扰检测

陆星宇：男，副教授，研究方向为SAR干扰抑制，SAR辐射源定位以及SAR干扰检测

谭珂：女，副教授，研究方向为雷达前视成像与雷达信号处理

刘宇双：女，硕士生，研究方向为SAR干扰抑制

杨建超：男，副教授，研究方向为雷达成像与MIMO雷达信号处理

余静：女，硕士生，研究方向为SAR干扰信号参数估计

顾红：男，教授，研究方向为雷达信号处理

通讯作者:
谭珂　tank@njust.edu.cn

中图分类号: TN974
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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2025-12-03
- 修回日期: 2026-01-28
- 录用日期: 2026-01-30
- 网络出版日期: 2026-02-14

SAR Saturated Interference Suppression Method Guided by Precise Saturation Model

School of Electronic and Optical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China

Funds: The National Natural Science Foundation of China (62101260, 62001229, 62101264)

摘要

摘要: 合成孔径雷达(SAR)极易受到射频干扰(RFI)的影响。相关学者针对SAR干扰抑制已经开展了深入的研究，并提出了一系列干扰抑制算法。然而，目前大多数算法并未考虑到SAR接收机发生饱和的影响。实际上，当干扰功率较大时，SAR接收机非常容易发生饱和，使受干扰回波产生非线性畸变，导致饱和干扰与当前干扰抑制算法的模型失配。目前仍缺少能够精确描述饱和受干扰回波特性的数学模型以及饱和干扰抑制方法。为此，该文首先提出了精确饱和干扰分析模型，并验证了该模型在分析饱和干扰幅相信息时的准确性。基于该模型，提出了一种能有效缓解饱和干扰的抑制方法。首先，基于干扰基波大功率特性通过特征子空间分解来提取基波；然后，利用谐波与基波的相位关系，构建涵盖目标回波、干扰基波、干扰谐波以及互调谐波的综合完备字典；最后求解稀疏优化问题，完成饱和干扰的分离与抑制。通过实测数据验证，并与其他抑制方法进行对比，验证了所提方法在应对饱和干扰时的有效性。
- 合成孔径雷达 /
- 饱和干扰 /
- 饱和模型 /
- 干扰抑制
Abstract: Objective With the increasing number of electromagnetic devices, Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) is highly susceptible to Radio Frequency Interference (RFI) within the same frequency band. RFI typically appears as bright streaks in SAR images and severely degrades image quality. Considerable research has been conducted on interference suppression, and many effective methods have been proposed. However, most existing approaches do not consider the nonlinear saturation of interfered echoes. In practical scenarios, the interference power is usually high, and the gain controller in the SAR receiver cannot effectively regulate the amplitude of interfered echoes. Therefore, the input signal amplitude of the Analog-to-Digital Converter (ADC) exceeds its dynamic range. This condition drives the SAR receiver into saturation and leads to nonlinear distortion in the interfered echoes. Such phenomena have been observed in multiple SAR systems. Documented cases include receiver saturation in the LuTan-1 satellite and several airborne SAR platforms. Analyses of SAR data further confirm the presence of saturated interference in systems such as Sentinel-1, Gaofen-3, and other spaceborne SAR platforms. After saturation occurs, the echo spectrum exhibits spurious components and spectral artifacts. These effects cause a mismatch between existing suppression methods and the actual characteristics of saturated interference. Therefore, many current methods cannot effectively mitigate this type of interference. Moreover, accurate models that precisely describe the output components of saturated interfered echoes remain limited. To address these issues, a precise analytical model for saturated interference is established, and an effective saturated interference suppression method is proposed based on this model. Methods Based on the processing of the basic saturation model, a mathematical model is first developed to accurately characterize the output components of saturated interference. The accuracy of the model in describing amplitude and phase is validated through simulations. A detailed analysis of the output components of interfered echoes under saturation conditions is also conducted. Compared with the one-bit sampling model and the traditional tanh saturation model, the proposed model provides higher accuracy in describing amplitude information. In addition, the model is not limited by the sampling bit width of ADCs and can theoretically be extended to describe saturation outputs in other radar receivers. Based on the observation that harmonic phases can be expressed as a linear combination of the phases of the original signal components, and by exploiting the high-power characteristic of the interference fundamental harmonic, a saturated interference suppression method is proposed. First, because the interference fundamental harmonic has relatively high power, it is extracted using eigen-subspace decomposition. Then, based on harmonic phase relationships, the extracted interference fundamental harmonic, and the SAR transmitted signal, various interference harmonics are systematically constructed. These include higher-order interference harmonics, target harmonics, and intermodulation harmonics, which together form a complete dictionary. Finally, a sparse optimization problem is solved to achieve separation and suppression of saturated interference. The effectiveness of the proposed method is verified using measured Gaofen-3 data. Results and Discussions Experiments are conducted using both simulated and measured data to verify the effectiveness of the proposed method in suppressing saturated interference. For simulated data, the proposed method completely removes interference stripes in the SAR image (Fig. 7). Analysis of the time-frequency spectra of the processed echoes (Fig. 8 and Fig. 9) shows that traditional methods cannot effectively eliminate higher-order harmonics. Thus, the proposed method improves the Target-to-Background Ratio (TBR) by 1.76 dB and achieves the lowest Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) of 0.078 3 (Table 3). For the measured Gaofen-3 data, analysis of the processed images and the time-frequency spectra of echoes confirms that the proposed method effectively suppresses interference. Conventional methods still exhibit residual interference in the processed results (Fig. 10 and Fig. 11). Conclusions With the increasing deployment of electromagnetic devices, SAR systems are increasingly susceptible to in-band interference. High-power interference can drive the SAR receiver into saturation and cause nonlinear distortion, which reduces the effectiveness of traditional interference suppression methods. To address this issue, a model that precisely characterizes the saturated output components of interfered echoes is established. Based on this model, an interference suppression method for saturated interference is proposed. Simulation and experimental results show that the model accurately describes saturation behavior and that the proposed method effectively suppresses saturated interference.
- Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) /
- Saturated interference /
- Saturation model /
- Interference suppression

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图 1 星载SAR实测受饱和干扰案例

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图 2 饱和前后仿真结果图3 谐波对消结果

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图 3 谐波对消结果

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图 4 实验结果

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图 5 饱和干扰抑制流程图

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图 6 收敛效率曲线

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图 7 基于不同干扰抑制算法的结果对比

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图 8 饱和干扰处理结果分析(LFM干扰实验)

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图 9 饱和干扰处理结果分析(NFM干扰实验)

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图 10 实测数据验证结果

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图 11 实测数据处理结果对比

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表 1 实验参数设置

参数名称	参数值	目标参数名称	参数值	干扰参数名称	参数值
雷达工作频率	5 GHz	信号形式	线性调频信号	信号形式	噪声调频信号
系统采样率	40 MHz	脉宽	10 $ \text{μs} $	脉宽	10 $ \text{μs} $
系统ADC位数	16 bit	带宽	2 MHz	带宽	3 MHz
		中心频率	0 MHz	中心频率	0 MHz

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表 2 仿真实验参数设置

参数名称	参数值	参数名称	参数值	参数名称	参数值
雷达工作频率	5.300 GHz	LFM干扰载频	5.297 GHz	NFM干扰载频	5.310 GHz
系统采样率	32.317 MHz	LFM干扰脉宽	11 $ \text{μs} $	NFM干扰脉宽	9 $ \text{μs} $
脉冲重复频率	1256.98 Hz	LFM干扰带宽	3 MHz	NFM干扰带宽	10 MHz
发射信号带宽	30.116 MHz	饱和系数	0.8	饱和系数	0.6

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表 3 不同干扰抑制方法指标对比

干扰类型	指标	所提方法	改进的ESP方法	时频陷波方法	传统饱和干扰抑制方法
LFM干扰	TBR(dB)	11.5913	9.8282	8.6264	10.1765
	RMSE	0.0783	0.1282	0.1688	0.1304
	ISR	0.7736	0.7688	0.7640	0.7673
NFM干扰	TBR(dB)	9.9470	8.1746	3.5580	3.5839
	RMSE	0.1187	0.1858	0.4510	0.4190
	ISR	0.7028	0.6939	0.6497	0.6563

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表 4 不同干扰抑制方法指标对比

指标	所提方法	改进的ESP方法	时频陷波方法	传统饱和干扰抑制方法
ISR	0.0873	0.0818	0.0763	0.0794

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