加载人工磁导体的三频可穿戴天线

靳彬; 张佳琳; 杜成珠; 褚君

doi:10.11999/JEIT251050

加载人工磁导体的三频可穿戴天线

doi: 10.11999/JEIT251050 cstr: 32379.14.JEIT251050

靳彬¹,
张佳琳¹,
杜成珠^1, ,,
褚君¹

上海电力大学电子与信息工程学院上海 201306

基金项目: 水凝胶光纤氧气传感关键问题研究及在生物医学中的应用(国家自然基金号：62205195)

详细信息

作者简介:
靳彬：女，硕士生，研究方向为人工磁导体微带天线

张佳琳：女，硕士生，研究方向为圆极化超宽带微带天线

杜成珠：女，副教授，研究方向为射频电路与微波天线系统

褚君：女，硕士生，研究方向为可穿戴天线

通讯作者:
杜成珠　duchengzhu@163.com

中图分类号: TN822
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出版历程
- 修回日期: 2025-12-17
- 录用日期: 2025-12-17
- 网络出版日期: 2025-12-25

Tri-Frequency Wearable Antenna Loaded with Artificial Magnetic Conductors

School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Shanghai University of Electric Power, Shanghai 201306, China

Funds: Research on Key Issues of Hydrogel Optical Fiber Oxygen Sensing and Its Applications in Biomedical Engineering. This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 62205195)

摘要

摘要: 该文设计了一款加载人工磁导体(AMC)的三频可穿戴天线，分别设计了三叉戟结构的三频单极子天线和三层方形环状的三频AMC单元，天线和AMC均采用半柔性基板Rogers 4003，通过在天线背面加载4×5的AMC阵列，获得的集成天线实测工作带宽为2.38–2.52 GHz、3.3–3.86 GHz和5.54–7.86 GHz三个频段，覆盖ISM科学频段(2.4–2.4835 GHz)、5G-n78频段(3.3–3.8 GHz)和5G-WiFi 5.8 GHz频段(5.725–5.875 GHz)。在2.4 GHz、3.5 GHz和5.8 GHz处实测得到的增益分别为7.1 dB、7 dB和7.1 dB，较不加载时分别提升了5.3 dB、4.6 dB和2.2 dB；前后比(FBR)分别为20.8、18.0、18.8 dB，较不加载AMC时分别提升了19.8 dB、16.7 dB和12.4 dB。此外，AMC反射板能够有效降低比吸收率(SAR值)，使得集成天线SAR值均在0.025 W/Kg/g以下，远低于美国联邦通信委员会(FCC)标准和欧洲联邦通信委员会(ETSI)标准，并对天线附着在人体胸腔、背部和大腿上时的性能进行实测，测试结果表明，所设计的天线能够安全、灵活地应用于人体。
- 人工磁导体(AMC) /
- 三频段天线 /
- 可穿戴天线
Abstract: This paper designs a tri-band wearable antenna based on an Artificial Magnetic Conductor (AMC). A tri-frequency monopole antenna with a trident structure and a tri-frequency AMC unit with a three-layer square ring configuration were designed respectively. Both the antenna and the AMC are fabricated on a semi-flexible Rogers 4003 substrate. By loading a 4×5 AMC array on the back of the antenna, the integrated antenna achieves a measured operating bandwidth covering three frequency bands: 2.38-2.52 GHz, 3.3-3.86 GHz, and 5.54-7.86 GHz. These bands cover the ISM scientific band (2.4-2.4835 GHz), the 5G-n78 band (3.3-3.8 GHz), and the 5G-WiFi 5.8 GHz band (5.725-5.875 GHz). The measured gains at 2.4GHz, 3.5GHz, and 5.8GHz were 7.1dB, 7dB, and 7.1dB respectively, representing improvements of 5.3dB, 4.6dB, and 2.2dB compared to the unloaded state. The front-to-back ratio (FBR) was 20.8 dB, 18.0 dB, and 18.8 dB, respectively, representing improvements of 19.8 dB, 16.7 dB, and 12.4 dB compared to the unloaded AMC. Additionally, the AMC reflector effectively reduces the specific absorption rate (SAR), ensuring that the integrated antenna's SAR remains below 0.025 W/kg, which is far lower than the standards set by the U.S. Federal Communications Commission (FCC) and the European Telecommunications Standards Institute (ETSI).Additionally, the performance of the antenna was measured when it was attached to the human chest, back, and thigh. The test results demonstrate that the designed antenna can be applied to the human body safely and flexibly.
- Artificial Magnetic Conductor (AMC) /
- Tri-band antenna /
- Wearable antenna

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图 1 三频单极子天线结构图

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图 2 三频天线演化过程

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图 3 三频天线演化S11变化过程

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图 4 天线仿真和实测S11

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图 5 AMC结构图

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图 6 AMC单元反射相位图

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图 7 AMC阵列模型图

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图 8 加载AMC的三频天线结构图

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图 9 天线与AMC阵列间距da对天线S11的影响

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图 10 加载AMC后天线的仿真与实测S11

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图 11 天线弯曲状态性能测试

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图 12 集成天线在2.5 GHz的辐射方向图

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图 13 集成天线在3.5 GHz的辐射方向图

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图 14 集成天线在5.8 GHz的辐射方向图

(a) E面 (b) H面

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图 15 加载AMC前后的天线仿真和实测增益

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图 16 天线在人体附近的实测S11

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图 17 人体组织结构仿真模型

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表 1 天线参数尺寸

参数	尺寸/mm	参数	尺寸/mm
W	27	L3	22.4
L	40	L4	14.9
W1	1.1	x1	2
W2	3.4	y1	3
L1	13.8	y2	13
W4	13.5	-	-

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表 2 AMC单元尺寸

参数	尺寸/mm	参数	尺寸/mm
p	18	b4	13.1
b1	17.1	b5	11.6
b2	15.9	b6	5.3
b3	15.2	-	-

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表 3 AMC阵列元数对集成天线增益的影响

AMC阵列	频率/GHz	增益/dB
3×5	2.5	6.8
	3.5	6.6
	5.8	6.6
4×5	2.5	7.6
	3.5	7.5
	5.8	7.6
5×5	2.5	7.4
	3.5	7
	5.8	7.7

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表 4 有无加载AMC阵列对天线前后比的影响

频率/GHz	未加载AMC的天线前后比/dB	加载AMC的天线前后比/dB
2.5	1.0	20.8
3.5	1.3	18.0
5.8	6.4	18.8

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表 5 人体模型各层的电磁特性

	骨头	肌肉	脂肪	皮肤
介电常数$ {\varepsilon }_{r} $	18.49	52.67	5.27	37.95
电导率$ \sigma $ (S/m)	0.82	1.77	0.11	1.49
损耗正切	0.145	0.245	0.145	0.294
密度(kg/m³)	1008	1006	900	1001
厚度(mm)	13	20	5	2

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表 6 天线与人体的间距H对SAR值的影响

中心频点 (GHz)	H(mm)	SAR (W/Kg/g)
2.5	8	0.0245
2.5	10	0.0208
3.5	8	0.0190
3.5	10	0.0169
5.8	8	0.0156
5.8	10	0.0121

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表 7 天线性能对比

文献	天线尺寸(mm³)	AMC尺寸(mm³)	介质基板	工作频段 (GHz)	增益(dB)	SAR (W/Kg)
[4]	14×35×2	28×28×1.52	天线: 纺织品 AMC: Rogers 3003	2.45 5.8	3.08 6.43	-
[5]	50×50×0.5	120×120×3	FR4	2.31-2.61 5.13-5.50	7.24 8.93	-
[13]	40×40×3.2	49×49×3.2	Rogers 3003	2.2-2.85 5.68-6.29	4.8 7.75	0.06 0.03
[15]	40×30×0.13	60×60×2	天线：聚酰亚胺 AMC：聚二甲基硅氧烷	2.39-2.49 5.55-5.92	1.2 6.3	0.4783 1.4022
[16]	29.8×23×0.2	60×60×2.4	聚酰亚胺	3.5 5.8	7.86 8.06	0.2 0.06
[17]	34×23×1.6	62.01×62.01×1.6	FR4	2.4 5.2 5.8	6.2 - 7.58	-
[18]	85.5×85.8×5.62	85.5×85.5×2.64	纺织品	1.575 2.45	1.98 1.94	1.111 1.111
本文	27×40×1.52	72×90×1.52	Rogers 4003	2.38–2.52 3.3–3.86 5.54–7.86	7.1 7 7.1	0.0208 0.0169 0.0121

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参考文献(18)

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