利用智能手机采集心音分析的HCM合并HFpEF的辅助筛查

董先鹏; 孟祥彬; 张阔; 房冠辰; 盖威蒿; 王文尧; 汪京嘉; 高峻; 潘俊君; 唐振超; 宋震

doi:10.11999/JEIT250830

利用智能手机采集心音分析的HCM合并HFpEF的辅助筛查

doi: 10.11999/JEIT250830 cstr: 32379.14.JEIT250830

董先鹏¹,
孟祥彬²,
张阔³,
房冠辰⁴,
盖威蒿⁵,
王文尧⁶,
汪京嘉⁶,
高峻⁶,
潘俊君⁷,
唐振超^{1, 8, 9},
宋震^{1, 2, ,}

1.
北京航空航天大学生物与医学工程学院北京 100191
2.
鹏城实验室网络智能研究部深圳 518055
3.
中国医学科学院阜外医院心血管内科北京 100037
4.
北京大学软件与微电子学院北京 102600
5.
中国科学院自动化研究所分子影像重点实验室北京 100190
6.
北京大学第三医院心血管内科北京 100191
7.
北京航空航天大学计算机学院北京 100191
8.
北京航空航天大学医学科学与工程学院北京 100191
9.
北京航空航天大学大数据精准医疗工业和信息化部重点实验室北京 100191

基金项目: 国家自然科学基金(32571731, 82172067, 82272068)，北京市自然科学基金(L256013)，中国科协青年人才托举工程(2023QNRC001)

详细信息

作者简介:
董先鹏：男，硕士生，研究方向为医学人工智能等

孟祥彬：男，研究员，研究方向为医疗多模态大型语言模型等

张阔：男，主治医师，研究方向为心血管代谢疾病及治疗等

房冠辰：男，硕士生，研究方向为生物医学影像处理等

盖威蒿：男，博士生，研究方向为智能生物医学影像等

王文尧：男，副研究员，研究方向为心血管代谢疾病及治疗等

汪京嘉：男，主治医师，研究方向为心血管代谢失稳及防治等

高峻：男，住院医师，研究方向为心力衰竭、心肌病诊疗等

潘俊君：男，教授，研究方向为虚拟手术、医学可视化等

唐振超：男，副教授，研究方向为心血管影像智能分析等

宋震：男，副研究员，研究方向为高性能计算与模型优化等

通讯作者:
宋震　songzh01@pcl.ac.cn

中图分类号: R318; TP18
计量
- 文章访问数: 37
- HTML全文浏览量: 11
- PDF下载量: 2
- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2025-08-29
- 修回日期: 2025-11-17
- 录用日期: 2025-12-17
- 网络出版日期: 2025-12-25

Auxiliary Screening for HCM with HFpEF Utilizing Smartphone-Acquired Heart Sound Analysis

1.
School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
2.
Department of Network Intelligence, Peng Cheng Laboratory, Shenzhen 518055, China
3.
Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100037, China
4.
School of Software and Microelectronics, Peking University, Beijing 102600, China
5.
Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
6.
Department of Cardiology and Institute of Vascular Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China
7.
School of Computer Science and Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
8.
School of Engineering Medicine, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
9.
Key Laboratory of Big Data-Based Precision Medicine, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China

Funds: The National Natural Science Foundation of China(32571731, 82172067, 82272068), Beijing Municipal Natural Science Foundation(L256013), Young Elite Scientists Sponsorship Program by CAST (2023QNRC001)

摘要

摘要: 射血分数保留的心力衰竭(HFpEF)是一种高度异质性的临床综合征，在肥厚型心肌病患者(HCM)中较为常见。由于其诊断流程复杂，开展初步筛查与早期识别具有重要意义。对此，该文基于患者智能手机所采集的心音信号，提取了梅尔频率倒谱系数和短时傅里叶变换时频谱特征，并基于此分别构建了支持向量机与卷积神经网络两个基分类器。随后将两者预测概率作为新特征，构建并训练了以逻辑回归为元分类器的集成学习模型，用于HCM合并HFpEF的识别。结果显示，集成模型在测试集的AUC达到了0.900，准确率、灵敏度和特异度分别达到了0.813、0.768和0.854，有效提升了预测性能。结果表明，该文设计的分类模型可以基于智能手机采集的心音实现HCM合并HFpEF的高效识别，有望用于HCM患者对自身病情的动态监测和HFpEF初步筛查，从而缩短诊断延迟。
- 心音信号分析 /
- 人工智能 /
- 肥厚型心肌病 /
- 射血分数保留的心力衰竭 /
- 辅助筛查
Abstract: Objective Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) is highly prevalent in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM), and its early identification is critical for improving disease management. However, early screening of HFpEF is challenging due to non-specific symptoms, complex diagnostic procedures, and high follow-up costs. Smartphones, with their wide accessibility, low cost, and portability, offer a feasible approach for assisting cardiac sound-based screening. This study utilizes smartphone-recorded heart sounds from HCM patients to develop and train an ensemble learning classification model, aiming to achieve early detection and dynamic self-monitoring of HFpEF in the HCM population. Methods The proposed HFpEF screening framework consists of three main components: preprocessing, feature extraction, and model training and fusion (ensemble learning) (Fig. 1). In the preprocessing stage, heart sounds collected via smartphones undergo bandpass filtering and wavelet denoising to ensure signal quality, followed by segmentation into individual cardiac cycles. During feature extraction, Mel-frequency cepstral coefficients (MFCCs) and short-time Fourier transform (STFT) time-frequency spectra are computed (Fig. 3). For classification, a Stacking ensemble strategy is adopted: base learners including a support vector machine (SVM) and a convolutional neural network (CNN) are trained, and their predicted probabilities are combined to form a new feature space. A logistic regression (LR) meta learner is then trained on these features to identify HFpEF in HCM patients. Results and Discussions The classification results of the three models on the same patient-level independent test set are as follows. The SVM base learner achieved an AUC of 0.800, with an accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity of 0.766, 0.659, and 0.865, respectively (Table 5). The CNN base learner attained an AUC of 0.850, with corresponding metrics of 0.789, 0.622, and 0.944 (Table 5). In contrast, the ensemble-based LR classifier demonstrated superior performance, reaching an AUC of 0.900, with accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity of 0.813, 0.768, and 0.854, respectively (Table 5). Compared to the base learners, the ensemble model shows significantly improved overall performance after probability-based feature fusion (Fig. 5). When compared to existing clinical HFpEF risk scores, the proposed method exhibits superior predictive performance and stronger dynamic monitoring capability, making it particularly suitable for risk stratification and follow-up warning in home settings. Relative to professional heart sound acquisition devices, the smartphone-based approach offers greater accessibility and cost-effectiveness, proving more applicable for auxiliary HFpEF screening in high-risk HCM populations. Conclusions This study addresses the challenges in clinical screening of HFpEF in HCM patients by proposing a smartphone-based heart sound acquisition system combined with an ensemble learning prediction model, resulting in a highly accessible and easily implementable auxiliary screening pipeline. This work is the first to validate the effectiveness of a smartphone-based heart sound analysis method and its feasibility for initial HFpEF screening in HCM patients. It has the potential to serve as an economical auxiliary tool for early HFpEF detection, providing a non-invasive, convenient, and efficient screening strategy for HCM patients with comorbid HFpEF.
- Heart sound signal analysis /
- Artificial Intelligence (AI) /
- Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy (HCM) /
- Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction (HFpEF) /
- Auxiliary screening

HTML全文

图 1 HCM合并HFpEF辅助筛查流程图

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图 2 智能手机心音采集位置示意图

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图 3 心音信号的时域波形及其对应时频谱

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图 4 CNN分类器的模型结构图

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图 5 不同模型在测试集的混淆矩阵及ROC曲线

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表 1 被纳入HCM患者群体的基本信息和临床特征

患者类别	数量	年龄(岁)	心率(bpm)	LVEF(%)	E/e’
不患HFpEF	27	40 ± 17	73.5 ± 16.6	66.5 ± 7.2	7.4 ± 2.3
患有HFpEF	29	52 ± 15	67.8 ± 9.7	73.8 ± 7.2	12.9 ± 5.0

下载: 导出CSV

表 2 SVM分类器数据集划分详情

类别	训练集		测试集
类别	患者数	音频数	患者数	音频数
患有HFpEF	24	337	5	82
不患HFpEF	22	333	5	89
合计	46	670	10	171

下载: 导出CSV

表 3 卷积块的具体结构细节

网络层	序号	结构组成	核大小	核数量	步长	参数量	输出大小
卷积块1	1	1维卷积	5	64	1	20544	×1
	2	批标准化	–	–	–	128	×1
	3	ReLU	–	–	–	–	×1
卷积块2	4	1维卷积	5	64	1	20544	×1
	5	批标准化	–	–	–	128	×1
	6	ReLU	–	–	–	–	×1
卷积块3	7	1维卷积	5	64	1	20544	×1
	8	批标准化	–	–	–	128	×1
	9	ReLU	–	–	–	–	×1
卷积块4	10	1维卷积	5	64	2	20544	×0.5
	11	批标准化	–	–	–	128	×0.5
	12	ReLU	–	–	–	–	×0.5

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表 4 CNN分类器数据集划分详情

类别	训练集		验证集		测试集
类别	患者数	音频数	患者数	音频数	患者数	音频数
患有HFpEF	18	254	6	83	5	82
不患HFpEF	17	253	5	80	5	89
合计	35	506	11	164	10	171

下载: 导出CSV

表 5 不同模型在测试集的预测性能(%)对比

分类模型	AUC	ACC	SEN	SPE
SVM	0.800	0.766	0.659	0.865
CNN	0.850	0.789	0.622	0.944
集成模型	0.900	0.813	0.768	0.854

下载: 导出CSV

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