面向可穿戴式的基于LSTM神经网络的智能心音异常诊断芯片

周维新; 高肇岗; 肖宛昂

doi:10.11999/JEIT230934

面向可穿戴式的基于LSTM神经网络的智能心音异常诊断芯片

doi: 10.11999/JEIT230934

周维新^{1, 2},
高肇岗³,
肖宛昂^{1, 2, ,}

1.
中国科学院半导体研究所北京 100083
2.
中国科学院大学集成电路学院北京 100049
3.
中国农业大学北京 100083

基金项目: 中国科学院先导科技专项培育项目(XDPB22)

详细信息

作者简介:
周维新：男，博士生，研究方向为智能体音诊断算法研究、可穿戴式智能体音芯片设计

高肇岗：男，硕士生，研究方向为深度学习算法研究、数字电路设计

肖宛昂：男，研究员，研究方向为智能声音信号处理芯片、无线通信基带芯片以及机器学习的FPGA加速

通讯作者:
肖宛昂　waxiao@semi.ac.cn

中图分类号: TN492;TP183
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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2023-08-28
- 修回日期: 2024-01-17
- 网络出版日期: 2024-01-23
- 刊出日期: 2024-02-29

Intelligent Heart Sound Abnormal Diagnosis Chip Based on LSTM for Wearable Applications

ZHOU Weixin^{1, 2},
GAO Zhaogang³,
XIAO Wan'ang^{1, 2
, ,}

1.
Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100083, China
2.
School of Integrated Circuits, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
3.
China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China

Funds: The Key Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (XDPB22)

摘要

摘要: 心血管疾病是造成全球死亡人数最多的疾病之一，因此对心血管疾病的预防与提前诊断至关重要。人工听诊技术与计算机心音诊断技术无法满足对心音长时间听诊的需求，因而可穿戴式听诊设备越来越受到关注，但是其具有高精度与低功耗的要求。该文设计了低功耗的面向可穿戴式的基于长短期记忆网络(Long Short-Term Memory, LSTM)的智能心音异常诊断芯片，提出了包括预处理、特征提取以及异常诊断的心音异常诊断系统，并搭建了基于听诊器的心音采集FPGA系统，采用了数据增强的方法解决数据集的不平衡问题。基于预训练模型设计了智能心音异常诊断芯片，在SMIC180 nm工艺下完成了版图设计和MPW流片。后仿真结果表明，智能心音异常诊断芯片的诊断准确率为98.6%，功耗为762 μW，面积为3.06 mm × 2.45 mm，满足可穿戴式智能心音异常诊断设备的高性能与低功耗的需求。
- 可穿戴式 /
- 心音 /
- 异常诊断 /
- 长短期记忆网络 /
- 低功耗
Abstract: The gravity of cardiovascular disease hazards necessitates the utmost importance of preventive measures and early diagnosis for such ailments. Conventional manual auscultation techniques and computer-based diagnostic methods prove inadequate in meeting the demands of auscultation. Consequently, wearable devices attract increasing attention, but they are required to obtain both a high accuracy and low-power consumption. An intelligent heart sound abnormal diagnostic chip based on LSTM for wearable applications is presented. The abnormal heart sound diagnostic system is developed, including preprocessing, feature extraction, and abnormal diagnosis. Furthermore, an FPGA-based system for heart sounds acquisition is constructed. The challenge of imbalanced datasets is addressed through the implementation of data augmentation techniques. By utilizing pre-trained model as a foundation, the intelligent heart sound abnormal diagnostic chip is developed, and the layout and MPW are finished under SMIC 180nm. The post-simulation results demonstrate that the chip achieves a diagnostic accuracy of 98.6%, a power consumption of 762 μW, and an area of 3.06 mm$ \times $2.45 mm, meeting the high-performance and low-power consumption prerequisites of wearable devices.
- Wearable applications /
- Heart sound /
- Abnormal diagnosis /
- LSTM /
- Low-power

HTML全文

图 1 基于听诊器的心音采集FPGA系统

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 2 采用数据增强技术后的心音

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 3 心音异常诊断系统

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 4 心肺音分离效果图

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图 5 心音异常诊断模型训练过程

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 6 心音异常诊断芯片架构

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 7 诊断模型的电路设计

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图 8 FPGA原型验证方案

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 9 心音异常诊断芯片的版图

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

表 1 心音诊断模型训练参数

训练参数	值
框架	Pytorch
GPU型号	TITAN5 12 GB
EPOCH	300
BATCH SIZE	32
学习率	0.0001
优化器	Adam

下载: 导出CSV

表 2 不同方法的性能对比

方法	准确率(%)	功耗	面积(mm²)
YASEEN等人^[19]	97.9	/	/
CHOSH等人^[20]	98.3	/	/
ALKHODARI等人^[21]	99.3	/	/
KAO等人^[22]	/	12.6 mW @ 40 nm (前仿)	/
CHEN等人^[23]	/	6.6 mW @ 65 nm(实测)	10.15
心音异常诊断芯片	98.6	762 μW @ 180 nm (后仿)	7.50

下载: 导出CSV

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