基于整网估计的星间链路天线相位中心偏差在轨特性研究

李宗楠; 徐子晨; 林红磊; 范磊; 叶小舟; 鲁祖坤; 王飞雪

doi:10.11999/JEIT230842

基于整网估计的星间链路天线相位中心偏差在轨特性研究

doi: 10.11999/JEIT230842

1.
国防科技大学电子科学学院长沙 410000
2.
北京航空航天大学电子信息工程学院北京 100083

详细信息

作者简介:
李宗楠：女，讲师，博士，研究方向为北斗/GNSS实时高精度质量控制和定轨定位技术等

徐子晨：男，硕士生，研究方向为低轨卫星导航等

林红磊：男，副研究员，博士，研究方向为信号处理等

范磊：男，助理研究员，博士，研究方向为高精度数据处理等

叶小舟：男，助理研究员，博士，研究方向为系统仿真等

鲁祖坤：男，高级工程师，博士，研究方向为星际导航与定位技术等

王飞雪：男，教授，博士，研究方向为无线电导航等

通讯作者:
鲁祖坤　 luzukun@nudt.edu.cn

中图分类号: TN961
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2023-08-04
- 修回日期: 2023-09-29
- 网络出版日期: 2023-10-09
- 刊出日期: 2023-11-28

Research on In-orbit Characteristics of Inter-satellite links Phase Center Offsets Based on Whole-network Estimation

1.
College of Electronic Science, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410000, China
2.
Scholol of Electronic Information Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100083, China

摘要

摘要: 星间链路(ISL)是我国北斗三号克服区域布站、实现高精度服务的关键，其天线相位中心偏差(PCO)在设备出厂时会依据质量、设计姿态进行地面标定，但在卫星发射、入轨及在轨阶段，燃料消耗、天线展开姿态等均会引起卫星质量与姿态的变化，这将导致在轨的PCO与地面标定值不一致，该变化量会作为误差引入到测量值，进而影响卫星轨道确定精度。因此，该文研究了在轨卫星的星间链路天线相位中心偏差标定方法，联合星间、星地观测，建立了基于整网估计的星间链路天线相位中心偏差在轨估计方法，并利用两周的实测数据进行对北斗三号所有中轨卫星(MEO)进行验证，同时结合卫星生产商、轨道面进行在轨特性的详细分析，最后验证了其对轨道确定精度的影响。结果表明，该文方法可有效估计在轨卫星星间链路天线相位中心偏差，并发现，卫星在轨后大部分卫星的星间链路天线相位中心偏差基本与地面一致，但C36, C37, C41, C42卫星在Z方向与地面标定值存在15 cm左右的偏差，C25, C26, C43, C44在Y轴上存在符号相反的现象，且数值上有10 cm左右的偏差，C25, C26卫星在Z方向上存在近30 cm的偏差，正确标定在轨卫星星间链路天线相位中心偏差后，相比地面标定产品，轨道精度可提升15%。
- 星间链路 /
- 天线相位中心偏差 /
- 整网估计 /
- 在轨 /
- 标定
Abstract: The Inter Satellite Links (ISL) is the key for China's Beidou-3 to overcome regional station deployment and achieve high-precision services. Its antenna Phase Center Offsets (PCO) is calibrated on the ground based on satellite mass and designed attitude when the equipment leaves the factory. However, fuel consumption, antenna deployment attitude, and other factors can cause changes in satellite mass and attitude during satellite launch, orbit entry, and in orbit stages, which will result in inconsistent values of antenna phase center deviation in orbit with ground calibration values. This change will be introduced as an error into the measurement value, thereby affecting the accuracy of satellite orbit determination. Therefore, this article studies the calibration method for the PCO of the inter-satellite links of in-orbit satellites. By combining with inter-satellite and satellite-ground observations, an in-orbit estimation method is established based on whole-network estimation. Two weeks of measured data are used to verify for all Medium Earth Orbit satellites (MEO) of Beidou-3, and a detailed analysis of in-orbit characteristics is conducted in conjunction with satellite manufacturers and orbital surfaces. Finally, its impact on the accuracy of orbit determination is verified. Results show that method proposed in this paper can effectively estimate the PCO of the inter-satellite links antenna in-orbit. It is found that the PCO of the inter-satellite links antenna in most in-orbit satellites is basically consistent with the values on the ground. However, C36, C37, C41, and C42 satellites have a deviation of about 15 cm from the ground calibration value in the Z-direction. Satellites C25, C26, C43 and C44 have opposite signs on the Y-direction, and there is a deviation of about 10 cm in the numerical value. Satellite C25, C26 have a deviation of nearly 30 cm in the Z-direction. After correctly calibrating the PCO of the inter-satellite links antenna in-orbit, the orbit accuracy can be improved by 15% compared to ground calibration products.
- Inter-satellite links /
- Antenna Phase Center Offset (APCO) /
- Whole-network estimation /
- In-orbit /
- Calibration

HTML全文

图 1 MEO卫星建链示意图

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图 2 天线相位中心偏差示意图

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图 3 整网估计星间链路PCO的架构图

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图 4 整网估计星间链路PCO的算法流程图

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图 5 本文选取的99个地面测站分布图

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图 6 北斗三号MEO卫星星间链路天线相位中心偏差在轨标定时间序列

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图 7 北斗三号MEO卫星星间链路PCO在轨标定值与出厂标定值对比

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图 8 星间链路天线相位中心偏差地面标定值与在轨标定值对轨道精度的影响

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表 1 北斗三号卫星基本信息一览表

轨道类型	轨道面	卫星/PRN	卫星厂商	星间链路设备厂商
MEO	轨道面A	C27,C29,C34, C35,C43,C44	SECM	SECM-1
		C28		SECM-3
		C30		未公开
	轨道面B	C19,C20,C21,C22, C33,C41,C42	CAST	CASC-1
	轨道面B	C32	CAST	CASC-2
	轨道面C	C23,C36,C45	CAST	CASC-2
	轨道面C	C24,C37,C46	CAST	CASC-1
		C25,C26	SECM	SECM-2
IGSO	113.2°E	C38,C39,C40	CAST	CASC-1
	106.6°E
	104.3°E
GEO	140°E	C59,C60,C61	CAST	CASC-1
	80°E
	110.5°E

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表 2 实验策略一览表

项目大类	项目	描述
观测值与参数估计	观测值	BDS
	频点	BDS: B1I+B3I；无电离层组合观测值；ISL
	参数估计方法	最小二乘法
	处理间隔	300 s
	解算弧长	1 d
	截止高度角	7°
	测站坐标	IGS周解文件
轨道摄动力模型	地球重力场	EGM 2008
	N体引力	天体位置来自 JPL DE405文件
	海潮	FES 2004
	固体潮和极潮	按照IERS 2010协议改正
	天线推力	模型改正
	光压模型	9参数 ECOM2模型
	地球反照压	模型改正
	经验力	未考虑
大气误差项	对流层误差	ZTD：每小时估计1组
大气误差项	电离层误差	1阶项采用无电离层组合消除，高阶项采用模型改正
其他	卫星天线误差	igs14.atx
	接收机天线误差	igs14.atx，若无BDS数据，以GPS L1/L2信息代替
	整周模糊度	双差模糊度固定

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