Development and Analysis of a half-space Scanning Beam for Planar Arrays Based on tri-polarized Elements
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摘要: 为了实现三极化平面阵列的高性能宽角扫描，提出一种基于三极化单元的平面阵列半空间扫描波束形成方法，并对相控阵扫描特性进行了分析。首先，在假设单元3个极化特性一致的前提下，从期望的合成波束指向出发，将与之正交的极化电场单位矢量沿3个极化方向分解，从而获得3个极化电场分量的相位和幅度，再依据功率与极化电场幅度平方成正比的关系，推导获得4种极化形式下极化合成所需的激励表达式，并通过仿真验证了该激励表达式的正确性。接着采用经典的阵因子控制方法，改变阵元相位差，使阵因子扫描角与单元波束指向一致，从而形成半空间任意方向扫描的阵列波束。最后，在不考虑阵元间互耦的情况下，对4种极化形式下的阵列扫描特性进行仿真分析与对比，结果表明，该阵列具有优越的半空间扫描特性，验证了该波束形成方法的有效性。Abstract: To achieve high performance beam scanning of tri-polarized planar arrays over a wide angle range, this study presents a tri-polarized element-based method that forms a half-space scanning beam of planar arrays . Moreover, the beam scanning characteristics of the phased array are also analyzed and presented. Considering that the characteristics of the three polarizations of the element are consistent, starting from the required direction of the synthetic beam of the element, the unit vector of the synthesis electric field orthogonal to the beam direction is decomposed along the three orthogonal polarization directions to obtain the phase and amplitude of the three polarization electric field components. Subsequently, according to the proportional relationship between the power and square of the polarization electric field amplitude, the excitation expressions required for polarization synthesis in four polarization forms are derived, and their accuracies are verified through simulation. The classical method that controls the array factor is used. Furthermore, by changing the phase difference between the array elements, the scanning angle of the array factor is adjusted to be consistent with the beam direction of the antenna element, forming the half-space array scanning beams in any direction. Finally, the scanning characteristics of the array under four polarization forms are simulated and without considering the mutual coupling between the array elements. The results reveal that the array has excellent half-space scanning characteristics, verifying the effectiveness of the beamforming method.
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Key words:
- Tri-polarization /
- Phased array /
- Polarization synthesis /
- Half-space beam scanning /
- Beam synthesis
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表 1 线极化下阵列扫描特性对比
面阵扫描
特性扫描
范围(°)增益波动
(dB)副瓣电平
(dB)交叉极化隔
离度(dB)双极化 –40～40 <3 <–4.9 >5.64 三极化 –90～90 <0.8 <–12.9 >47.7 
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表 2 圆极化下阵列扫描特性对比
面阵扫描
特性扫描范围
(°)增益波动
(dB)副瓣电平
(dB)交叉极化隔离度
(dB)双极化 –60～60 <3 <–8.8 >0 三极化 –90～90 <0.5 <–12.9 >28.5
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