“祝融号”火星车次表层雷达干/水冰探测类比试验

刘海; 李鉴辉; 孟旭; 周斌; 方广有

doi:10.11999/JEIT211286

“祝融号”火星车次表层雷达干/水冰探测类比试验

doi: 10.11999/JEIT211286

刘海¹,
李鉴辉¹,
孟旭¹,
周斌^2, ,,
方广有²

1.
广州大学土木工程学院广州 510006
2.
中国科学院空天信息创新研究院北京 100094

基金项目: 国家自然科学基金(41874120, 51978182, 5202010500)，广州市科技计划项目(20210201444)，深圳市科技计划(KQTD20180412181337494)

详细信息

作者简介:
刘海：男，1986年生，博士，教授，博士生导师，研究方向为雷达遥感与深空探测、探地雷达、结构无损检测

李鉴辉：男，1997年生，硕士生，研究方向为探地雷达数据处理及成像算法

孟旭：男，1989年生，博士，讲师，主要研究方向为探地雷达无损检测、数字信号处理、探月雷达数据反演等

周斌：男，1977年生，博士，研究员，主要研究方向为超宽带雷达系统设计、应用及数据处理等

方广有：男，1963年生，博士，研究员，主要研究方向为超宽带雷达成像理论与技术、地球物理电磁勘探技术、月球/火星探测雷达技术等

通讯作者:
周斌　zhb@mail.ie.ac.cn

中图分类号: TN958
计量
- 文章访问数: 923
- HTML全文浏览量: 365
- PDF下载量: 117
- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2021-10-30
- 修回日期: 2022-03-11
- 录用日期: 2022-03-15
- 网络出版日期: 2022-03-16
- 刊出日期: 2022-04-18

An Analogical Experiment of Mars Rover Penetrating Radar Onboard Chinese “Zhurong” Martian Rover on Dry/Water Ice Detection

1.
Civil Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China
2.
Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100094, China

Funds: The National Natural Science Foundation of China (41874120, 51978182, 5202010500), Funding by Science and Technology Projects in Guangzhou (20210201444), Shenzhen Science and Technology Program (KQTD20180412181337494)

摘要

摘要: 2021年5月22日，我国第1辆火星探测车“祝融号”开始在火星表面执行探测任务，其搭载的次表层探测雷达(RoPeR)包含高、低频两个通道，有望在不同的分辨率上揭示着陆区火星次表层结构。其中高频通道采用一对工作带宽为0.45～2.15 GHz的Vivaldi天线阵列，可以采集4种不同天线组合(HH, HV, VH和VV)的全极化雷达回波数据，用于调查着陆区火壤浅层结构并寻找次表层中可能存在的干/水冰。该文通过室内类比试验研究了RoPeR探测和区分干冰与水冰的能力，试验结果表明，干冰和水冰目标具有不同的极化散射特性，并利用$ H - \alpha $极化分解方法初步区分了干冰和水冰。
- 天问一号 /
- 火星雷达 /
- 水冰探测 /
- 极化分解
Abstract: On May 22, 2021, China's first Mars Rover "Zhurong" began its exploration on Mars surface. One of the payloads is Mars Rover Penetrating Radar (RoPeR), which composes of a high frequency channel and a low frequency channel. The scientific object of RoPeR is to reveal the subsurface structures of landing site and detect potentially buried water/dry ice. The high frequency channel is equipped with four Vivaldi antennas working at the frequency band of 0.45～2.15 GHz, which can record radar echo in four different polarization channels. An analogical experiment is performed to analyze the reflection signals from a dry ice and a water ice samples. The experimental results show that dry ice and water ice have different polarization scattering characteristics and $ H - \alpha $ polarization decomposition can discriminate between dry ice and water ice.
- Tianwen-1 probe /
- Mars Rover Penetrating Radar (RoPeR) /
- Ice detection /
- Polarization decomposition

HTML全文

图 1 RoPeR天线布置与结构图

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 2 干冰/水冰探测试验布置图

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 3 干冰/水冰目标及其尺寸

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 4 干冰不同极化通道的2维雷达剖面

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 5 水冰不同极化通道的2维雷达剖面

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 6 2维$ H - \alpha $平面图

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 7 干冰样品反射信号的极化分解结果

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 8 水冰样品反射信号的极化分解结果

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 9 干/水冰细微结构图

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

参考文献(29)

[1]	PERMINOV V G. The Difficult Road to Mars: A Brief History of Mars Exploration in the Soviet Union[M]. Washington: National Aeronautics and Space Administration Headquarters, 1999: 381–390.
[2]	JAKOSKY B M and MELLON M T. Special issue: Water on Mars[J]. Physics Today, 2004, 57(4): 71–76. doi: 10.1063/1.1752425
[3]	WATTERS T R, CAMPBELL B, CARTER L, et al. Radar sounding of the medusae fossae formation Mars: Equatorial ice or dry, low-density deposits?[J]. Science, 2007, 318(5853): 1125–1128. doi: 10.1126/science.1148112
[4]	BYRNE S. The polar deposits of Mars[J]. Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences, 2009, 37: 535–560. doi: 10.1146/annurev.earth.031208.100101
[5]	PHILLIPS R J, ZUBER M T, SMREKAR S E, et al. Mars North Polar deposits: Stratigraphy, age, and geodynamical response[J]. Science, 2008, 320(5880): 1182–1185. doi: 10.1126/science.1157546
[6]	CASTALDO L, MÈGE D, GURGUREWICZ J, et al. Global permittivity mapping of the Martian surface from SHARAD[J]. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 2017, 462: 55–65. doi: 10.1016/j.jpgl.2017.01.012
[7]	LIU Hai, LONG Zhijun, HAN Feng, et al. Frequency-domain reverse-time migration of ground penetrating radar based on layered medium Green’s functions[J]. IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing, 2018, 11(8): 2957–2965. doi: 10.1109/JSTARS.2018.2841361
[8]	刘海, 岳云鹏, 韩峰, 等. 嫦娥五号探月雷达的数据处理方法研究[J]. 雷达科学与技术, 2021, 19(1): 14–22. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-2337.2021.01.003 LIU Hai, YUE Yunpeng, HAN Feng, et al. Data processing methods for Chang'E-5 lunar penetrating radar[J]. Radar Science and Technology, 2021, 19(1): 14–22. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-2337.2021.01.003
[9]	LU W, JI Y C, ZHOU B, et al. Design of an array antenna system for Chang’E-5 LRPR[C]. Proceedings of the 2016 16th International Conference on Ground Penetrating Radar, Hong Kong, China, 2016: 1–4.
[10]	ZHANG Jinhai, YANG Wei, HU Sen, et al. Volcanic history of the Imbrium basin: A close-up view from the lunar rover Yutu[J]. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2015, 112(17): 5342–5347. doi: 10.1073/pnas.1503082112
[11]	XIAO Long, ZHU Peimin, FANG Guangyou, et al. A young multilayered terrane of the northern Mare Imbrium revealed by Chang’E-3 mission[J]. Science, 2015, 347(6227): 1226–1229. doi: 10.1126/science.1259866
[12]	China National Space Administration. Chinese Mars mission sends photos of the Red Planet[EB/OL]. http://www.cnsa.gov.cn/english/n6465652/n6465653/c6813041/content.html, 2022.
[13]	ZHOU Bin, SHEN Shaoxiang, LU Wei, et al. The Mars rover subsurface penetrating radar onboard China’s Mars 2020 mission[J]. Earth and Planetary Physics, 2020, 4(4): 345–354. doi: 10.26464/epp2020054
[14]	ZOU Yongliao, ZHU Yan, BAI Yunfei, et al. Scientific objectives and payloads of Tianwen-1, China’s first Mars exploration mission[J]. Advances in Space Research, 2021, 67(2): 812–823. doi: 10.1016/j.asr.2020.11.005
[15]	UTREJA L R. Lunar environment[J]. Applied Mechanics Reviews, 1993, 46(6): 278–284. doi: 10.1115/1.3120356
[16]	ZUBRIN R and WAGNER R. The Case for Mars: The Plan to Settle the Red Planet and Why We Must[M]. New York: The Free Press, 2011: 32–32.
[17]	苏兆忠, 孔旭. 微波器件低气压放电的机理分析与防护方法[J]. 电子质量, 2019(5): 74–76. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1003-0107.2019.05.019 SU Zhaozhong and KONG Xu. Low pressure discharge mechanism and corresponding protection method of the microwave device[J]. Electronics Quality, 2019(5): 74–76. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1003-0107.2019.05.019
[18]	CHINNERY H E, HAGERMANN A, KAUFMANN E, et al. The penetration of solar radiation into carbon dioxide ice[J]. Journal of Geophysical Research:Planets, 2018, 123(4): 864–871. doi: 10.1002/2018JE005539
[19]	KAUFMANN E and HAGERMANN A. Experimental investigation of insolation-driven dust ejection from Mars’ CO₂ ice caps[J]. Icarus, 2017, 282: 118–126. doi: 10.1016/j.icarus.2016.09.039
[20]	LIU Hai and SATO M. Determination of the phase center position and delay of a Vivaldi antenna[J]. IEICE Electronics Express, 2013, 10(21): 20130573. doi: 10.1587/elex.10.20130573
[21]	FENG Xuan, ZOU Lilong, LU Qi, et al. Calibration with high-order terms of polarimetric GPR[J]. IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing, 2012, 5(3): 717–722. doi: 10.1109/JSTARS.2012.2191143
[22]	CHEN Siwei, LI Yongzhen, WANG Xuesong, et al. Modeling and interpretation of scattering mechanisms in polarimetric synthetic aperture radar: Advances and perspectives[J]. IEEE Signal Processing Magazine, 2014, 31(4): 79–89. doi: 10.1109/MSP.2014.2312099
[23]	FENG Xuan, YU Yue, LIU Cai, et al. Combination of h-alpha decomposition and migration for enhancing subsurface target classification of GPR[J]. IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing, 2015, 53(9): 4852–4861. doi: 10.1109/TGRS.2015.2411572
[24]	CLOUDE S R and POTTIER E. An entropy based classification scheme for land applications of polarimetric SAR[J]. IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing, 1997, 35(1): 68–78. doi: 10.1109/36.551935
[25]	LIU Hai, LONG Zhijun, TIAN Bo, et al. Two-dimensional reverse-time migration applied to GPR with a 3-D-to-2-D data conversion[J]. IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing, 2017, 10(10): 4313–4320. doi: 10.1109/JSTARS.2017.2734098
[26]	CHINNERY H E, HAGERMANN A, KAUFMANN E, et al. The penetration of solar radiation into granular carbon dioxide and water ices of varying grain sizes on Mars[J]. Journal of Geophysical Research:Planets, 2020, 125(4): e2019JE006097. doi: 10.1029/2019JE006097
[27]	CHINNERY H E, HAGERMANN A, KAUFMANN E, et al. The penetration of solar radiation into water and carbon dioxide snow, with reference to Mars[J]. Journal of Geophysical Research:Planets, 2019, 124(2): 337–348. doi: 10.1029/2018JE005771
[28]	黄文峰, 张丽敏, 李志军, 等. 天然和人造淡水冰内部结构特征的对比研究[C]. 寒区水科学及国际河流研究系列丛书2·寒区水循环及冰工程研究——第2届“寒区水资源及其可持续利用”学术研讨会论文集, 黑河, 2009. HUANG Wenfeng, ZHANG Limin, LI Zhijun, et al. Study on inner structure of natural and artificial fresh ice[C]. Proceedings of the 2nd Symposium on “Water Resources and Their Sustainable Utilization in Cold Regions”, Heihe, China, 2009.
[29]	ILIESCU D, BAKER I, and CULLEN D. Preliminary microstructural and microchemical observations on pond and river accretion ice[J]. Cold Regions Science and Technology, 2002, 35(2): 81–99. doi: 10.1016/S0165-232X(02)00042-3