Total Rotation Vector Estimation of Space Target Combining InISAR Imaging and Micro-Doppler Feature Extraction
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摘要: 监测空间非合作目标的运动状态是空间监视的主要内容之一，也是进一步执行在轨操作的前提。失效卫星和空间碎片等有自身旋转运动，实施维修和抓捕的关键是准确获知目标转动矢量，包括转速和转轴方向。该文提出了一种空间非合作目标转动矢量估计方法，同时完成目标3维成像。首先利用干涉逆合成孔径雷达(InISAR)成像技术获得目标散射点的3维位置坐标以及有效转动矢量估计，然后利用微多普勒特征提取估计目标的总转速，继而通过联合有效转动矢量和总转速估计沿雷达视线方向上速度矢量未知的分量，求得目标的总转动矢量。多组仿真实验充分验证了所提方法的有效性，性能分析表明该方法可提供较准确的转动矢量估计，并可同时提供较好的3维成像结果。
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关键词:
- 逆合成孔径雷达(ISAR) /
- 干涉ISAR(InISAR) /
- 转动矢量 /
- 微多普勒 /
- 3维成像
Abstract: One of the main purposes for space surveillance is to supervise the movement status of non-cooperative space targets, which is also the prerequisite for further on-orbit operations. Because of the rotation of disabled satellites and space debris, it is necessary to accurately obtain the rotation vector, including the rotation speed and the direction of the rotation axis. This paper proposes a novel estimation method to obtain the rotation vector of space targets, which can be simultaneously used to form the Three-Dimensional (3D) image. Firstly, the three-dimensional position coordinates and the effective rotation vector are obtained by the Interferometric Inverse Synthetic Aperture Radar (InISAR) technology. Then, the total rotation velocity is estimated by the micro-Doppler feature extraction. Finally, the total rotation vector is acquired by combining the effective rotation velocity and the rotation velocity along the radar Line-Of-Sight (LOS). The effectiveness of the proposed method is demonstrated by simulation experiments. Performance analysis shows that the method can provide us with accurate results in both rotation vector estimation and three-dimensional imaging. -
表 1 InISAR系统参数
参数 数值 参数 数值 $\lambda $ 3 cm PRF 1000 Hz B 400 MHz ${f_{\rm{c}}}$ 10 GHz ${T_{\rm{p}}}$ 10 μs $\varOmega $ 0.05 rad/s L 2.5 m ${\varOmega _{\rm{e}}}$ 0.04 rad/s SNR 15 dB ${R_{0}}$ 10 km 
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表 2 重建误差
参数 仿真设定值 估计值 误差数值 ${E_{3D}}$(m) / / 0.9286 $\phi $(rad) 0.1745 0.1775 0.0030 ${\varOmega _{\rm{e}}}$(rad/s) 0.0400 0.0399 0.0001 $\varOmega $(rad/s) 0.0500 0.0482 0.0018
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表 3 转动矢量不同时的估计误差
$\phi $(rad) ${E_\phi }$(rad) ${E_\varOmega }$(rad/s) ${E_{{\varOmega _{\rm{e}}}}}$(rad/s) ${E_{3{\rm{D}}}}$(m) 0.1745 0.0030 0.0018 0.0001 0.9286 0.3491 0.0014 0.0018 0.0001 0.8837 0.5236 0.0059 0.0018 0.0001 0.8842 0.6981 0.0002 0.0018 0.0001 0.9121 0.8727 0.0007 0.0018 0.0006 0.9581 1.0472 0.0030 0.0018 0.0002 0.9957
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