云数据安全研究进展

鲁金钿; 肖睿智; 金舒原

doi:10.11999/JEIT200158

云数据安全研究进展

doi: 10.11999/JEIT200158

鲁金钿¹,
肖睿智¹,
金舒原^{1, 2, ,}

1.
中山大学数据科学与计算机学院广州 510006
2.
鹏城实验室网络空间安全研究中心深圳 518000

基金项目: 国家重点研发项目(2018YFB1800705)，国家自然科学基金(61672494)

详细信息

作者简介:
鲁金钿：男，1991年生，博士生，研究方向为网络安全、云数据安全及信息流控制等

肖睿智：女，1997年生，博士生，研究方向为网络安全、云审计及隐私保护等

金舒原：女，1974年生，教授，博士生导师，研究方向为云安全、网络攻击与防御等

通讯作者:
金舒原 jinshuyuan@mail.sysu.edu.cn

中图分类号: TN918; TP309
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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2020-03-10
- 修回日期: 2020-08-05
- 网络出版日期: 2020-08-12
- 刊出日期: 2021-04-20

A Survey for Cloud Data Security

1.
School of Data and Computer Science, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
2.
Cyberspace Security Research Center, Peng Cheng Laboratory, Shenzhen 518000, China

Funds: The National Key Research and Development Program of China (2018YFB1800705), The National Natural Science Foundation of China (61672494)

摘要

摘要: 云数据安全问题是制约云计算发展的重要因素之一。该文综述了云数据安全方面的研究进展，将云数据安全所涉及的云身份认证、云访问控制、云数据安全计算、虚拟化安全技术、云数据存储安全、云数据安全删除、云信息流控制、云数据安全审计、云数据隐私保护及云业务可持续性保障10方面相关研究工作纳入到物理资源层、虚拟组件层及云服务层所构成的云架构中进行总结和分析；并给出了相关技术的未来发展趋势。
- 云数据安全 /
- 云数据隐私保护 /
- 云数据安全删除 /
- 云信息流控制 /
- 云数据安全审计
Abstract: The security of cloud data is one of the most important factors to obstruct the development of cloud computing. Therefore, on the basis of proposed three-tiers cloud architecture that consists of physical resources layer, virtual component layer, and cloud service layer, this paper makes a detail survey on existing works that focus on the security of cloud data, which involves in cloud identify authentication, cloud access control, cloud data secure computing, virtualization, cloud data security storage, cloud data secure deletion, information flow control, cloud data secure auditing, cloud data privacy preserving, and cloud business continuity, respectively. Finally, research trends in the field of cloud data security are presented.
- Cloud data security /
- Cloud data privacy preserving /
- Cloud data secure deletion /
- Information flow control /
- Cloud data secure auditing

HTML全文

图 1 云计算架构

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图 2 云数据安全技术

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图 3 虚拟机面临主要威胁及解决方法

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表 1 云身份认证各类方法比较

技术	机制/方法	优点	缺点	适用场景
ACCESS Key	安全凭证	可靠	灵活性较差	安全需求高场景
OpenID	单点登录	方便	安全性较低	减轻租户负担
OpenID Connect	单点登录	互操作	安全性较低	减轻租户负担
OAuth	单点登录	方便	安全性较低	统一授权场景
基于SAML	单点登录	互操作	安全性较低	统一身份证认证
基于PKI&IBC	PKI&IBC	跨云	复杂性较高	跨云的服务访问
基于生物特征	虹膜/静脉等	灵活	易攻击/复杂性高	小规模高效认证

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表 2 云访问控制技术方法比较

方法/模型	机制			技术	优点	缺陷	适用场景
方法/模型	拓展的传统方案	基于ABE	多租户技术	技术	优点	缺陷	适用场景
ABAC	●			RBAC	动态性	拓展性差	自适应访问控制
T-RBAC	●			Task-RBAC	安全性	拓展性差	资源共享频繁
ABAC	●			ABAC	细粒度	效率问题	大规模信息系统
Li等人^[5]		●		用户组	有效性	高额计算外包	用户属性撤销
文献[6]			●	共享机制	有效性	复杂性高	资源共享频繁
文献[7]			●	基于敏感度	安全性	拓展性差	虚拟资源分配

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表 3 云数据安全计算方法比较

方法	方法		技术	优点	缺陷	适用场景
方法	同态加密	可信计算	技术	优点	缺陷	适用场景
文献[9]	●		理想格	全同态	复杂低效	对效率要求不高
文献[10]	●		DynamoDB	全同态	密文复杂	简单高效的环境
基于TPM		●	TPM	可信性	复杂性	规模较小
文献[12]		●	TCG	可问责	拓展性	需要追责的场景

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表 4 基于代理重加密方法比较

方法	可重复性	非交互性	单向性	可控性	可验证性	安全性
Liang^[17]	√	√	√	×	×	防CCA
Luo^[18]	√	√	√	√	×	防CPA
冯朝胜等人^[19]	√	√	√	√	√	防CPA和合谋
PRE-MFAC^[20]	√	×	√	√	√	防CPA

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表 5 可搜索加密相关方法比较

方法	查询类型	前向安全性	后向安全性	可验证性
Bost^[24]	单关键字	√	√	×
Chamani^[25]	单关键字	×	√	×
Janus++^[26]	单关键字	√	√	×
MB-FB-DSSE^[27]	单关键字	√	√	×
VDRSE^[28]	多关键字	√	√	√

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表 6 云数据审计隐私保护方法比较

技术	应用场景	可拓展性
同态线性认证器&随机伪装	第三方审计，分批的远程数据审计	较好
同态消息验证码	共享数据的审计	一般
线性映射	分块数据集跨云数据审计	较好
同态可验证群/环签名	共享数据分块第三方审计	较差

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表 7 云数据隐私保护方法比较

隐私对象	方法		优点	缺点
访问模式	PIR	信息论PIR	通信开销低	计算开销高
	PIR	可计算PIR	节省带宽，防止合谋	计算开销高
	ORAM	局部ORAM	系统开销较高	清洗部分遗漏
		多轮ORAM	系统开销可承受	效率较低
		并行ORAM	系统开销低	系统性能要求高
		单轮ORAM	系统开销较高	效率低
查询隐私	索引隐私		–	–
查询隐私	关键字隐私和限门不可链接	非确定性限门	隐私性强	计算开销较高
用户身份隐私	环/群签名	环/群签名	攻击难度大/强隐私	可拓展性差

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表 8 常见备份技术之间区别

技术模型	同步时间	恢复时间	备份特点	容错支持
热备份	几秒	几秒或几分钟	物理镜像	很高
改进的热备份	几分钟	约1 h	虚拟镜像	高
暖备份	几小时内	1～24 h	限制的物理镜像	一般
冷备份	几天内	超过24 h	从站点备份	低

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表 9 云数据备份和恢复系统比较

方法/系统	主要技术	优点	缺点	适用场景
HSDRT^[52]	超广泛分布的数据传输和高速加密技术	隐私保护、可靠性	需要调整web应用文件副本增加时，性能下降	云文件备份
Linux box^[53]	Simple Linux box硬件盒	隐私保护、开销较小，灾难影响较小，成本低	浪费带宽	CSP之间服务迁移
ERGOT^[54]	DHT协议、语义覆盖网络	检索准确、网络流量小	不能与语义相似性模型混合	基础设施下基于语义匹配场景
SBBR^[55]	关注IP逻辑连接	开销小	逻辑和物理配置不一致	低开销和路由故障场景

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