Ship Azimuthal Speed Estimation Method Based on Local Region Doppler Centroid in SAR Images
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摘要: 针对现有船速估计算法大多数只能估计出舰船距离向速度的问题，该文提出一种基于合成孔径雷达(SAR)图像局域中心频率的舰船方位向速度估计方法。首先分析了动目标在SAR图像局域多普勒中心频率的变化规律，并推导了利用中心频率变化率估计目标方位向速度的理论公式。然后给出了根据SAR图像局域方位向功率谱的概率密度函数，利用最大似然估计算法估计中心频率变化率的方法。同时，对所提方法的精度与适用性应用性进行分析。最后，通过仿真和实测数据，将该方法的估计结果与直接计算调频率获得的结果进行对比分析。结果表明，相对于调频率法，该方法具有更高的估计精度，验证了所提方法的有效性。Abstract: To deal with the problem that most of the existing ship speed estimation algorithms can only estimate the slant range speeds of ships, a ship azimuthal speed estimation method based on local region Doppler centroid for Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) images is proposed. Firstly, the variation of Doppler centroid of moving target in local region of SAR image is analyzed and the theoretical formula for estimating the azimuthal speed using the slope of Doppler centroid variation is derived. Then, based on the probability density function of azimuthal power spectrum, an estimation method for the slope of Doppler centroid variation using the maximum likelihood estimation algorithm is presented. Moreover, the estimation accuracy and the applicability of the proposed method are also analyzed. Finally, the proposed method is implemented on simulated and filed data and the estimation results are compared with those obtained by directly calculating the frequency modulation rate. The results show that the proposed method has high estimation accuracy, which verifies the effectiveness of the proposed method.
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Key words:
- SAR image /
- Ship speed estimation /
- Local region /
- Doppler centroid
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表 1 仿真参数
参数 仿真1 仿真2 仿真3 仿真4 仿真5 仿真6 ${\rm{PRF}}$ 500 500 500 500 500 500 ${I_{\rm{s}}}$ 100 100 100 100 100 100 $\Delta {f_{\rm{d}}}$ 10 10 10 10 10 1～20 $N$ 13 13 13 13 5～50 13 ${N'\!\!_{\rm{a}}}$ 128 128 128 50～500 128 128 $L$ 10 10 5～100 10 10 10 ${\rm{SCR}}$ 2 0～15 2 2 2 2 ${\rm{SNR}}$ 0～15 6 6 6 6 6 
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表 2 点目标仿真参数
雷达波长(m) 调频率(Hz/s) 距离带宽(MHz) 天线长度(m) PRF
(Hz)平台速度(m/s) 平台高度(m) 近端斜距(m) 信噪比(dB) 信杂比(dB) 目标1方位向速度(m/s) 目标2方位向速度(m/s) 目标3方位向速度(m/s) 0.2308 2.8e13 25 4 900 100 8100 10000 2 6 –10 –5 5
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表 3 不同信杂比下本文方法与调频率法估计结果的对比
SCR(dB) 均值(m/s) 方差(m2/s2) 本文方法 调频率法 本文方法 调频率法 20 –10.05 –11.01 0.0001 $ \times $10–2 0.005 $ \times $10–2 10 –10.03 –11.43 0.12 $ \times $10–2 0.32 $ \times $10–2 0 –9.92 –11.50 0.28 $ \times $10–2 0.12 –10 –9.87 –12.27 1.28 $ \times $10–2 1.65 –20 –9.82 –15.13 2.43 $ \times $10–2 7.16
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