A P-band Dual-polarized Ultra-thin Absorptive-transmissive Electromagnetic Surface Using Frequency Selective Surface
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摘要: 该文提出一种基于频率选择表面的P波段超薄双极化吸波-透波一体化电磁表面设计新方法。该方法采用单元级联和渐变弯折线结构增加有效电流路径，并通过集成集总器件实现低频宽带可调吸波，进一步通过分析频率选择表面透波结构和吸波结构的等效电路，基于电路结构的差异，在尽可能减小吸波、透波功能电磁耦合的前提下，实现了吸波-透波一体化设计。为了阐明该方法，设计了一款超薄双极化吸波-透波功能单元，同时实现了高效透波与P波段宽带可调吸波性能，并详细分析了其工作机理。结果表明：设计的一体化单元分别在P波段和C波段实现了双极化吸波-透波功能，且所需电子器件少、工作频带宽和结构超薄。所提方法综合利用场路分析，不仅实现了P波段吸波，还减小了电磁表面多功能间的相互影响，实现了不同功能结构的一体化集成设计，降低了多功能电磁表面优化设计的难度。Abstract:
Objective Frequency Selective Surfaces (FSS), as artificial ElectroMagnetic (EM) periodic structures, regulate the transmission and reflection of EM waves. Radomes integrating FSS can protect antennas, preserve the aerodynamic profile of radio-frequency systems, shape spatial scattering field distributions, and suppress backward Radar Cross Section (RCS). However, when illuminated by multiple radars, such radomes often fail to maintain low detectability due to their inability to achieve bistatic low RCS. Recent efforts have focused on developing absorptive structures based on FSS, where active FSS-based absorbers offer adaptive tunability across frequency and time domains. Nonetheless, achieving absorption in the P-band remains challenging due to the inherent limitations of existing dielectric materials. While FSS bandpass properties are frequently employed in radomes and the tunability of active FSS supports the design of reconfigurable absorbers, the two functionalities have largely been pursued independently, resulting in limited multifunctional surface designs. This study proposes a P-band ultra-thin absorber using FSS composed of cascaded unit cells with gradually curved meander lines. By exploiting the distinct equivalent circuit characteristics of absorbing and transmitting FSS structures, an integrated system is developed that enables both EM wave transmission and tunable wideband absorption in the P-band. Methods This paper proposes a novel design method for a dual-polarized, ultra-thin absorptive-transmissive EM surface element operating in the P-band, based on the FSS technique. The method uses cascaded elements with a gradient-bending structure to increase the effective current path length and incorporates lumped components to achieve wideband tunable absorption at low frequencies. By analyzing the equivalent circuit characteristics of both absorptive and transmissive FSS-based elements, an integrated absorptive-transmissive structure is developed. The difference in their equivalent circuits effectively suppresses mutual coupling, enabling the relatively independent design of absorptive and transmissive functions. To demonstrate this approach, a dual-polarized ultra-thin EM surface element is designed that simultaneously exhibits high transmittance and tunable wideband absorptivity. The step-by-step design process is presented, and the operating mechanism of the proposed element is thoroughly analyzed. Results and Discussions Both simulation and experimental results confirm that the proposed integrated element achieves dual-polarized absorptive performance in the P-band and dual-polarized transmissive performance in the C-band. The element features an ultra-thin profile, requires few lumped components, and exhibits a broad operational bandwidth. Notably, the proposed method combines equivalent circuit modeling with field-based analysis to facilitate the design of multifunctional EM surfaces, thereby streamlining the integration of absorptive and transmissive functionalities within a single structure. Conclusions Structural absorbers face a fundamental trade-off between achieving efficient low-frequency absorption and maintaining a low profile or lightweight design, making the development of P-band absorbing surfaces particularly challenging. FSS, commonly used in radomes, also offer potential for tunable absorber design. This study integrates both functionalities to develop a multifunctional EM surface capable of simultaneous wave absorption and transmission, based on an FSS architecture. When irradiated from one direction, the surface achieves absorptivity above 0.9 across 0.34～1.1 GHz. When irradiated from the opposite direction, it exhibits transmittivity exceeding 0.8 over 4.26～4.48 GHz. These two functions operate with relative independence. The proposed structure features a wide operational bandwidth, ultra-thin profile, and minimal reliance on electronic components. The method enables not only effective P-band absorption but also the integrated design of multifunctional EM surfaces. It offers strong scalability and holds significant potential for future applications. -
Key words:
- Frequency Selective Surface (FSS) /
- Absorptivity /
- P-band /
- Transmittivity /
- Integration
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表 1 本文设计单元与已有文献比较
对象 设计方法 工作带宽
(GHz)相对带宽(%) 尺寸(λ0)
(周期×厚度)单极化器件数(个)/变容管数(个) 极化不敏感 透波 [22] PIN+C 0.400～2.500 144.80 0.054 0×0.076 0 3/1 Y N [25] R+C 0.415～0.822 40.70 0.069 0×0.014 0 2/1 N N [26] R+C 0.700～1.900 92.30 0.100 0×0.018 0 2/1 N N [27] C 0.613～1.816 99.05 0.033 0×0.021 0 9/1 Y N [28] C 0.980～3.760 278.00 0.104 0×0.005 2 2/2 Y N [29] C 1.860～3.310 56.09 0.099 0×0.009 9 2/2 Y N 本文 R+C 0.340～1.100 105.60 0.046 0×0.007 9 2/1 Y Y 
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