A Code-phase Shift Key-Linear Frequency Modulated Low Earth Orbit Navigation Signal and Acquisition Performance Analysis
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摘要: 低轨导航星座卫星数量多,信号多普勒频偏大,接收机冷启动搜索空间巨大,捕获速度慢,该文提出一种伪码调相-线性调频(CSK-LFM)的导航信号波形,线性调频提高信号的多普勒容限,不同伪码相位实现不同卫星的多址播发,可以极大压缩卫星号、时延、多普勒3维搜索空间,加快了捕获信号捕获速度。仿真和实验结果表明,当信号强度为40 dBHz时,采用CSK-LFM调制的导航信号,其捕获性能比同等条件下的传统直接扩频序列(DSSS)调制的导航信号高1 dB左右,且信号搜索空间可降低为直接扩频序列调制的1/10。Abstract: Low Earth Orbit navigation system has a large number of satellites and Doppler frequency deviation, so the search space of the receiver with cold start is huge and the acquisition speed is slow. A Code-phase Shift Key and Linear Frequency Modulation (CSK-LFM) navigation signal waveform is proposed, the LFM modulation improves the Doppler tolerance of the signal, and the multiple access broadcast of different satellites is realized by different pseudo-code phases, which can greatly compress the three-dimensional search space of satellite number, time delay, and Doppler. Simulation and experimental results show that when the signal strength is 40dBHz, the acquisition performance of CSK-LFM signal is about 1dB higher than that of traditional Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum (DSSS) modulation navigation signals under the same conditions, and the signal search space can be reduced to 1/10 of that of DSSS modulation.
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表 1 不同调制方式下抗多普勒频偏能力和多址方式分析对比
调制方式 抗多普勒能力 信号多址方式 典型应用 直接序列调制 弱 不同码序列 GSP、北斗、伽利略等系统 频分复用调制 弱 不同频点 GLONASS系统 码相位偏移调制 弱 不同码相位 数据链、QZSS等系统中信息调制 线性调频调制 强 不同调频斜率、起始频率等 雷达系统,Lora系统 伪码-线性调频调制 强 不同调频斜率、起始频率、码序列 - 表 2 不同带宽和扩频比下的频率分格大小(kHz)
N 31 63 127 255 511 CSK-LFM B=4.092 MHz 79.20 38.97 19.33 9.63 4.80 B=20.46 MHz 396.00 194.85 96.66 48.14 24.02 B=40.92 MHz 792.00 389.71 193.32 96.28 48.05 BPSK-CDMA T=1 ms 0.9 1 基于PMF-FFT 结构的CSK-LFM 捕获算法
步骤1 生成本地复制的线性调频载波sl(k) 步骤2 生成本地复制伪码cl(n),并进行FFT运算,求复共轭,得到参考序列Cl(j)* 步骤3 在调频周期内将复制线性调频载波与接收信号相关并分段累加,得到累加结果y(n) 步骤4 对一个调频周期内的N段累加结果进行FFT运算,得到序列Y(j) 步骤5 将FFT结果与参考序列相关,对相关后的结果逆FFT处理,得到N颗卫星的捕获量z(k,i) 步骤6 对P个调频周期内的捕获量z(k,i)累加,得到Z(k,i),并与门限比较,超过门限则捕获成功,跳至步骤9 步骤7 移动接收信号一个采样点,重复步骤3–步骤6,直至遍历完成2个调频周期 步骤8 移动一个频率搜索格子,重复步骤1–步骤7,直至遍历完成所有频率格子的搜索 步骤9 在上调频信号捕获时延附近,搜索上调频和下调频信号,根据捕获位置按式( 29 )计算捕获时延和多普勒 表 3 捕获参数优化求解的信号条件
B(MHz) fd(kHz) CN0(dBHz) T(ms) N P 4.092 40 40 1 63 5 表 4 两类信号的搜索空间比较
多普勒范围(kHz) 多普勒格子(kHz) 搜索空间 多普勒范围(kHz) 多普勒格子(kHz) 搜索空间 BPSK-CDMA case4 ±5 0.5 8184 ×20case5 ±40 0.5 8184 ×160CSK-LFM case4-1 2.5 8184 ×8case5-1 2.5 8184 ×64case4-2 10.0 8184 ×2case5-2 10.0 8184 ×16 -
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