基于物理不可克隆函数的轻量级可证明安全车联网认证协议

夏卓群; 苏潮; 徐梓桑; 龙科军

doi:10.11999/JEIT240141

基于物理不可克隆函数的轻量级可证明安全车联网认证协议

doi: 10.11999/JEIT240141

1.
长沙理工大学计算机与通信工程学院长沙 4100150
2.
智能道路与车路协同湖南省重点实验室长沙 410015

基金项目: 国家自然科学基金(52172313)，湖南省自然科学基金(2023JJ30033)，新疆维吾尔自治区重点研发计划(2023B03004-3)，湖南省自然科学基金(2024JJ6066)，湖南省教育厅科学研究项目(23B0288)

详细信息

作者简介:
夏卓群：男，教授，研究方向为社交网络、移动网络、VANET以及网络和信息安全

苏潮：男，硕士生，研究方向为隐私保护和网络安全

徐梓桑：男，讲师，研究方向为嵌入式系统、信息安全和密码

龙科军：男，教授，研究方向为交通控制、交通信息技术和智能交通系统

通讯作者:
徐梓桑　xzsszx111@csust.edu.cn

中图分类号: TN915.08; TN918.4
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- 文章访问数: 84
- HTML全文浏览量: 23
- PDF下载量: 6
- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2024-03-06
- 修回日期: 2024-08-22
- 网络出版日期: 2024-08-30
- 刊出日期: 2024-09-26

A Lightweight and Provably Secure Authentication Protocol for Internet of Vehicles Using Physical Unclonable Function

1.
School of Computer and Communication Engineering, Changsha University of Science and TechnologyChangsha, Changsha 410015, China
2.
Hunan Key Laboratory of Smart Roadway and Cooperative Vehicle-Infrastructure Systems, Changsha 410014, China

Funds: The National Natural Science Foundation of China(52172313), Hunan Natural Science Foundation (2023JJ30033), Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Key Research and Development Program (2023B03004-3), The Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province of China (2024JJ6066), The Research Foundation of Education Bureau of Hunan Province of China (23B0288)

摘要

摘要: 车联网(IoVs)广泛用于获取车辆和道路状况等信息，但是这些信息都是在公共信道中进行传输，所以最重要和关键的要求之一就是在严格延迟要求下的数据安全。其中，认证是解决数据安全最常用的方法，但是由于车联网的资源受限和对延迟敏感等特点，车辆认证需要在一定的消耗和延迟内完成。然而，现有方案容易遭受物理、伪造和共谋等攻击，同时也产生了昂贵的通信和计算成本。该文提出一种基于物理不可克隆函数(PUF)的车路云协同轻量级安全认证方案。所提议方案采用轻量级的物理不可克隆函数作为车联网实体的信任保证，抵御攻击者对实体的物理和共谋等攻击；采用车路云协同的架构，在经过可信机构(TA)认证的路边单元(RSU)上完成认证运算，大大减轻了TA的计算压力，并将挑战响应对(CRPs)的更新应用到假名的构造更新中，保护身份和轨迹隐私的同时也能在身份追踪阶段披露恶意车辆身份。在实际场景的模拟实验中，通过与其它方案进行比较，表明该方案更加安全和高效。
- 车联网 /
- 认证协议 /
- 隐私保护 /
- 物理不可克隆函数 /
- 车路云协同
Abstract: The Internet of Vehicles (IoVs) is widely used to obtain information about vehicles and road conditions, which is transmitted in public channels. Hence, the most important requirement is the data security. Because of characters of IoVs, we need to make it keep in a strict delay. Authentication is a common method to solve it. Due to limited resources and delay sensitivity of IoVs, vehicles must complete authentication within appropriate resources cost and delay. However, existing schemes are prone to physical, forgery and collusion attacks, and moreover, they are computationally heavy. Therefore, a lightweight security identity authentication scheme for vehicle-road collaboration is proposed in this paper, which utilizes lightweight Physical Unclonable Function (PUF) as the trust root of entities to resist physical and collusion attacks; Besides, most of computations are offloaded to Road Side Units (RSUs) certified by Trusted Authority (TA) through the vehicle-road-cloud collaboration architecture; In addition, vehicular pseudonym construction and update include Challenge-Response Pairs (CRPs), which are utilized to protect identity and trajectory privacy and expose malicious vehicular identities in identity tracking phase. Furthermore, there are formal and informal security analyses to prove our scheme is secure. Finally, the simulation experiment shows our scheme is more secure and efficient than other schemes in real scenarios.
- Internet of Vehicles(IoVs) /
- Authentication protocol /
- Privacy protection /
- Physical Unclonable Function (PUF) /
- Vehicle-road-cloud collaboration

HTML全文

图 1 车路云协同的车联网认证模型

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图 2 RSU注册

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图 3 车辆注册

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图 4 车辆验证

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图 5 仿真实验实际场景地图

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图 6 平均延迟

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图 9 开销比

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图 7 平均跳数

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图 8 传输成功率

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表 1 参数含义对照表

符号	描述
TA	可信中心
V_i	第i个车辆
ID	实体身份
X, x	实体的公钥和私钥
CRP	PUF的挑战响应对
T	时间戳
SK	会话密钥

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表 2 实体的计算开销(ms)

文献	V	RSU	TA	合计
[7]	120.21	121.06	/	241.27
[6]	20.76	41.52	141.41	203.70
[20]	40.00	100.01	120.01	260.02
[11]	80.20	100.02	20.00	200.22
本文	40.20	60.20	60.60	161.00

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表 3 实体的通信开销(bit)

文献	V	RSU	TA	合计
[7]	864	576	/	1440
[6]	288	1408	1152	2848
[20]	960	2048	768	3776
[11]	1760	768	1380	3908
本文	768	704	384	1856

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表 4 安全属性

安全属性	文献[7]	文献[6]	文献[20]	文献[11]	本文
A₁	√	√	√	√	√
A₂	–	–	–	–	√
A₃	√	√	–	–	√
A₄	–	√	√	–	√
A₅	√	–	–	√	√
A₆	–	√	–	√	√
A₇	√	√	√	√	√
A₈	√	–	√	√	√
A₉	√	–	√	√	√
A₁₀	√	√	√	√	√
A₁：重放攻击；A₂：TA伪造攻击；A₃：物理克隆攻击；A₄：车辆伪造攻击；A₅：中间人攻击；A₆：共谋攻击；A₇：匿名性；A₈：不可链接性；A₉：前后向保密；A₁₀：身份追踪

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参考文献(20)

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