一种融合情感和策略信息的共情对话生成方法

朱振方; 李嘉欣; 徐富永; 刘培玉; 张广渊

doi:10.11999/JEIT231417

一种融合情感和策略信息的共情对话生成方法

doi: 10.11999/JEIT231417

1.
山东交通学院信息科学与电气工程学院济南 250357
2.
山东师范大学信息科学与工程学院济南 250358

基金项目: 国家社科基金 (19BYY076)

详细信息

作者简介:
朱振方：男，教授，博士生导师，研究方向为信息检索、自然语言处理

李嘉欣：女，硕士生，研究方向为自然语言处理

徐富永：男，博士生，研究方向为数据挖掘、自然语言处理

刘培玉：男，教授，博士生导师，研究方向为信息检索、自然语言处理

张广渊：男，教授，研究方向为数字图像处理、模式识别

通讯作者:
徐富永　xfysec@163.com

中图分类号: TN911.7; TP183
计量
- 文章访问数: 74
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- PDF下载量: 11
- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2023-12-25
- 修回日期: 2024-04-23
- 网络出版日期: 2024-07-25
- 刊出日期: 2024-08-10

Empathetic Dialogue Generation via Sentiment and Support Strategy

1.
School of Information Science and Electrical Engineering, Shandong Jiaotong University, Jinan 250357, China
2.
School of Information Science and Engineering, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250358, China

Funds: The National Social Science Foundation (19BYY076)

摘要

摘要: 共情对话旨在为情感焦虑的对话系统聊天用户提供心理健康支持，因此，赋予对话系统共情能力是一个值得关注的问题。现有方法往往只能识别用户的情感状态，并不能根据聊天用户不同的情感状态生成有效的、具有同理心的回复，更不能缓解用户的不良情感。因此，在构建情感支持对话系统的研究中，如何动态地捕捉用户的细粒度情感特征并根据情感特征提供相应的心理支持，需要进一步地探索。该文提出一个情感和策略信息融合的共情对话生成方法，该方法首先使用情感分类网络动态感知用户的情感状态；然后利用支持策略准确地建模策略匹配网络，并根据对话上下文引入对话生成网络进行回复生成；最后，通过比较所提方法和当前较为先进的方法在相应数据集上的实验结果，验证所提方法的有效性以及情感支持的重要性。
- 共情对话 /
- 情感支持 /
- 对话生成 /
- 支持策略
Abstract: Empathic dialogue aims to provide mental health support for anxious users, thus chatbots with empathic capabilities is a noteworthy issue. The existing methods can only identify users’ sentiment states, but can not effectively generate empathetic responses according to users’ different sentiment states and let alone effectively relieve users’ bad emotions. Therefore, in the research of building sentiment support chatbots, how to dynamically capture users’ fine-grained sentiment features and provide corresponding psychological support according to sentiment features needs to be further explored. This paper proposes an empathic dialogue generation method based on the fusion of emotion and strategy. Firstly, the sentiment classification network is used to dynamically perceive the user’s sentiment state. Then the support strategy is used to accurately model the strategy matching network which is introduced according to the context of the conversation to generate the conversation. Finally, by comparing the experimental results of the proposed method and the current advanced methods on the corresponding datasets, the effectiveness of the proposed method and the importance of sentiment support are verified.
- Empathic dialogue /
- Sentiment support /
- Dialogue generation /
- Support strategy

HTML全文

图 1 ESFM模型示意图

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 2 Top-k策略预测准确度

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

表 1 情感分类和情感支持策略

情感分类	情感支持策略
焦虑	(1)提问：指通过疑问的方式询问用户的感受或是遇到的困难。 (2)重述或转述：对用户的状态进行简单的重述，可以帮助他们更清楚地看到自己的情况。 (3)回复感受：清晰地表达和描述用户的感受。 (4)自我披露：与用户分享相似的经历来表达同理心。 (5)确认和保证：肯定用户的优点和能力，并提供安慰和鼓励。 (6)提供建议：提供关于如何改变的建议告诉他们该怎么做。 (7)信息：为用户提供有用的信息，例如数据、意见、资源等。 (8)其他：使用其他类别的支持策略对用户提供帮助。
内疚
抑郁
嫉妒
厌恶
痛苦
恐惧
愤怒
羞耻
悲伤
紧张

下载: 导出CSV

表 2 不同模型在ESConv数据集中的自动评价性能

	ACC	PPL	D-1	D-2	B-2	B-4	R-L
Transformer	–	89.61	1.29	6.91	6.53	1.37	15.17
MT Transformer	–	89.52	1.28	7.12	6.58	1.47	14.75
MoEL	21.72	133.1	2.33	15.26	5.93	1.22	14.65
MIME	20.26	47.51	2.11	10.94	5.23	1.17	14.74
DialoGPT	28.57	20.4	4.12	17.72	5.78	1.74	16.39
DCKS	30.74	21.83	4.26	18.20	6.58	2.03	15.77
ours	30.4	19.82	4.30	18.23	6.45	2.04	16.28

下载: 导出CSV

表 3 不同模型在ESConv数据集中的人工评价性能

模型	流畅性	相关性	同理心
Transformer	0.62	0.31	0.29
MT Transformer	0.78	0.34	0.82
MoEL	0.36	0.80	0.33
MIME	1.13	0.27	0.35
DialoGPT	1.84	0.62	1.04
DCKS	1.80	0.67	1.14
ours	1.79	0.71	1.15

下载: 导出CSV

表 4 消融实验，分别去掉情感分类网络和策略匹配网络

Model	D-1	B-2	R-L
ours	4.30	6.45	16.28
W/o 分类	3.75	6.28	16.10
W/o 策略	4.10	6.19	16.19

下载: 导出CSV

表 5 ESFM和DialoGPT产生响应的对比

情景:	I’m fearful of where I'll be living in the future.(我害怕我将来会住在哪里)
用户:	I'm looking for someone new to talk to. I don't really feel like I can express my actual feelings in my current living arrangement. (我在一个新的倾诉对象。在我目前的生活安排中，我真的觉得自己无法表达自己的真实感受)
参考:	I understand. I have had to stay by myself for most of the year due to the pandemic.That has been hard. (我理解。由于疫情，我不得不一个人待了一年的大部分时间。这很难) [自我披露]
DialogGPT:	Have a great night and tare care of yourself.(度过一个美好的夜晚好好照顾自己) [回复感受]
ESFM:	I know there are tough times and we all need to be heard.(我知道现在很艰难，我们都需要被倾听) [自我披露]

下载: 导出CSV

表 6 ESFM模型和ChatGPT人工评价性能

模型	情感特性	相关性	同理心
ESFM	积极	0.91	0.34
	消极	0.86	0.90
	中性	0.82	0.80
ChatGPT	积极	0.95	0.36
	消极	0.85	0.85
	中性	0.85	0.81

下载: 导出CSV

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