面向卫星物联网的柔性多址接入技术

庞明亮; 王朝炜; 吴彤; 陈佳彬; 黄赛; 江帆; 张君毅

doi:10.11999/JEIT231388

面向卫星物联网的柔性多址接入技术

doi: 10.11999/JEIT231388

庞明亮¹,
王朝炜^{1, 3, ,},
吴彤²,
陈佳彬¹,
黄赛³,
江帆⁴,
张君毅¹

1.
北京邮电大学电子工程学院北京 100876
2.
中国星网网络应用研究院有限公司北京 100029
3.
泛网无线通信教育部重点实验室北京 100876
4.
西安邮电大学通信与信息工程学院西安 710121

基金项目: 重庆市自然科学基金创新发展联合基金(CSTB2023NSCQ-LZX0118)，北京邮电大学博士生创新基金(CX2023139)

详细信息

作者简介:
庞明亮：男，博士生，研究方向为卫星通信、多址接入技术和资源管理等

王朝炜：男，博士，副教授，研究方向为下一代移动通信技术、无线传感器与物联网技术等

吴彤：男，博士，高工，研究方向为卫星互联网应用技术、通导一体化、高精度定位等

陈佳彬：男，硕士生，研究方向为卫星通信、多址接入技术等

黄赛：男，博士，副教授，研究方向为基于机器学习的智能信号处理、通用无线信号快速检测与深度识别等

江帆：女，博士，教授，研究方向为基于人工智能的边缘计算及缓存技术、D2D通信技术、5G超密集异构网络中的无线资源管理等

张君毅：男，博士，副教授，研究方向为物理电子学和可见光通信等

通讯作者:
王朝炜　wangchaowei@bupt.edu.cn

中图分类号: TN927
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2023-12-18
- 修回日期: 2024-04-15
- 网络出版日期: 2024-04-27
- 刊出日期: 2024-06-30

Flexible Multiple Access Technology for Satellite Internet of Things

1.
School of Electronic Engineering, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing 100876, China
2.
China Satellite Network Application Co., Ltd., Beijing 100029, China
3.
Key Laboratory of Universal Wireless Communications, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100876, China
4.
School of Communication and Information Engineering, Xi’an University of Posts and Telecommunications, Xi’an 710121, China

Funds: The Natural Science Foundation of Chongqing (CSTB2023NSCQ-LZX0118), Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications Excellent Ph.D. Students Foundation (CX2023139)

摘要

摘要: 基于时隙ALOHA(S-ALOHA)的免授权上行随机接入能够显著降低卫星物联网(IoT)中的接入时延和复杂度。然而，随着物联网用户数量的增加，S-ALOHA碰撞概率会显著增加，从而影响系统性能。该文针对卫星物联网中存在海量设备上行接入的场景，专注于研究物联网终端的功率资源控制，以实现最大化系统和速率的目标。具体而言，该文提出基于S-ALOHA的柔性多址接入。当系统中存在碰撞时，采用非正交多址技术进行传输，从而避免了用户信息反复重传的问题，降低了传输时延。为了在终端功率受限的情况下实现系统和速率的最大化，该文将序列决策问题建模为马尔可夫决策过程，并采用优势演员-评论家算法(A2C)进行求解。仿真结果表明，所提出的柔性多址接入技术能够在海量物联网终端的场景下有效保证终端的接入成功率。同时，基于A2C的资源分配算法相较于传统的资源分配算法表现更为优越。
- 卫星物联网 /
- 柔性多址接入 /
- 资源分配 /
- A2C
Abstract: Access latency and complexity in the satellite Internet of Things (IoT) are significantly reduced by the grant-free uplink random access based on Slotted ALOHA (S-ALOHA). However, with the increase of the number of IoT users, the collision probability of S-ALOHA is markedly increased, thereby impacting the performance of the system. This paper addresses the scenario of massive device uplink access in satellite IoT, focusing on the investigation of power resource control for IoT terminals to achieve maximization of system rate. A flexible multiple access scheme based on S-ALOHA is proposed. In the presence of collisions in the system, transmission is carried out using non-orthogonal multiple access technology, which mitigates the issue of repeated transmission of user information and reduces transmission latency. The sequential decision problem of maximizing system rate under the constraint of terminal power is modeled as a Markov process, and the Advantage Actor-Critic (A2C) method is employed to solve it. The simulation results indicate that the success rate of terminal access in scenarios with a massive number of IoT terminals is effectively ensured by the proposed flexible multiple access technology. Additionally, the resource allocation algorithm based on A2C is shown to outperform traditional resource allocation algorithms.
- Satellite Internet of Things(IoT) /
- Flexible multiple access /
- Resource allocation /
- Advantage Actor-Critic (A2C)

HTML全文

图 1 卫星物联网柔性上行接入场景

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图 2 S-ALOHA与柔性多址接入对比

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图 3 基于A2C的资源分配框架

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图 4 接入成功率对比

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图 5 基于A2C的资源分配算法收敛性

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图 6 不同算法复杂度对比

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图 7 不同用户数时系统速率对比

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1 基于A2C的功率分配算法

输入：波束内活跃用户数${M_{\mathrm{a}}}$，波束数$K$，服务时隙数$N$。
输出：功率分配系数矩阵$ {\boldsymbol{\alpha}} = [{{\boldsymbol{\alpha }}_{_1}},{{\boldsymbol{\alpha}} _{_2}}, \cdots ,{{\boldsymbol{\alpha}} _{_K}}] $
(1)初始化神经网络参数${{\boldsymbol{\theta }}_{\mathrm{a}}}$和${{\boldsymbol{\theta}} _{\mathrm{c}}}$
(2) For $n = 1:{\text{Episode}}$ do
(3) 　初始化环境
(4) 　For $t = 1:N$ do
(5) 　　获取当前状态${{\boldsymbol{s}}_t} \in S$
(6) 　　if ${{\boldsymbol{s}}_t}$不是最终状态 do
(7) 　　　根据策略${\pi _\theta }$选择动作${{\boldsymbol{a}}_t}$
(8) 　　　将状态更新为${{\boldsymbol{s}}_{t + 1}}$并获得奖励${r_t}$
(9) 　　End if
(10) 计算$L\left( {{{\boldsymbol{\theta}} _{\mathrm{a}}}} \right)$和TD-error
(11) 更新参数${{\boldsymbol{\theta}} _{\mathrm{a}}}$
(12) 更新参数${{\boldsymbol{\theta }}_{\mathrm{c}}}$
(13) End for
(14) End for

下载: 导出CSV

表 1 仿真参数设置

参数	含义	取值
$ {h_0} $	卫星轨道高度	600 km
${f_{\mathrm{c}}}$	工作频段	Ka
$K$	系统波束数	7
${M_{\mathrm{a}}}$	波束内活跃用户数	3
$M$	单个波束内总用户数	30
$\eta $	活跃用户占比	10%
$N$	服务时隙数	3
${G_{\mathrm{t}}}$	簇头用户最大发射天线增益	43.2 dBi
${G_{\mathrm{r}}}$	卫星最大接收天线增益	38.5 dBi
${P_k}$	簇头用户最大发射功率	2 W
${N_0}$	高斯白噪声功率谱密度	–174 dBm/ Hz

下载: 导出CSV

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