最优字典选择多频段雷达信号宽带融合

陆睿民; 李卫东; 王锐; 张帆; 李沐阳; 胡程

doi:10.11999/JEIT231309

最优字典选择多频段雷达信号宽带融合

doi: 10.11999/JEIT231309

陆睿民^{1, 3},
李卫东^{1, 2, 3, ,},
王锐^{1, 2, 3},
张帆^{1, 3},
李沐阳^{1, 2, 3},
胡程^{1, 2, 3}

1.
北京理工大学雷达技术研究院北京 100081
2.
北京理工大学前沿技术研究院济南 250300
3.
北京理工大学嵌入式实时信息处理技术北京市重点实验室北京 100081

基金项目: 山东省自然科学基金 (ZR2022QF073), 国家自然科学基金(62201049), 国家重大科研仪器研制项目 (31727901)

详细信息

作者简介:
陆睿民：男，硕士生，研究方向为雷达多频段融合成像

李卫东：男，副教授，研究方向为空中微弱目标雷达精细信号处理

王锐：男，副教授，研究方向为昆虫雷达信号处理

张帆：男，博士生，研究方向为雷达极化信号处理

李沐阳：男，博士生，研究方向为空中微弱目标雷达精细信号处理

胡程：男，教授，研究方向为新体制合成孔径雷达系统与信号处理、生物探测雷达系统与信息处理技术等

通讯作者:
李卫东　lwd0539@163.com

中图分类号: TN95
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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2023-11-28
- 修回日期: 2024-04-29
- 网络出版日期: 2024-05-12
- 刊出日期: 2024-05-30

Broadband Fusion of Multiband Radar Signals Based on Optimal Dictionary Selection

LU Ruimin^{1, 3},
LI Weidong^{1, 2, 3
, ,},
WANG Rui^{1, 2, 3},
ZHANG Fan^{1, 3},
LI Muyang^{1, 2, 3},
HU Cheng^{1, 2, 3}

1.
Radar Technology Research Institute, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
2.
Advanced Technology Research Institute, Beijing Institute of Technology, Jinan 250300, China
3.
Key Laboratory of Real-Time Information Processing Technology of Embedded, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China

Funds: Shandong Provincial Natural Science Foundation (ZR2022QF073), The National Natural Science Foundation of China (62201049), The Special Fund For Research On National Major Research Instruments (31727901)

摘要

摘要: 多频段雷达带宽融合外推是一种提升雷达带宽、解决小目标高分辨成像的有效手段。然而，现有多频段融合算法仍面临运算慢、精度低等问题。为此，该文提出基于最优字典选择正交匹配追踪的多频段融合外推雷达超分辨距离成像方法。首先，对多频段信号进行参数化建模，提出基于蛇优化的信号相参配准方法，实现多频段信号高精度相位对齐；然后，利用几何绕射模型，提出基于最优字典选择正交匹配追踪的多频段信号模型估计方法，实现多频段信号融合外推，估计未知频段频谱，获取大带宽信号；最后，通过仿真和实测数据，验证了该方法的可行性。该方法在保障高精度的前提下，通过简化模型粗估计与完整模型精估计结合，有效降低了运算量，实现了快速精确多频段融合外推处理。
- 多频段融合外推 /
- 相参配准 /
- 最优字典选择 /
- 蛇优化算法 /
- 正交匹配追踪
Abstract: Multiband Fusion is an effective way to broaden bandwidth of radar, which plays a key role in the detection and recognition of small-scale target. However, the existing multiband fusion algorithms still face the problems of slow operation and low precision. Therefore, a super-resolution technique of multiband fusion based on optimal dictionary selection and orthogonal matching pursuit is proposed in this paper. Firstly, the parametric model of multiband radar signal is conducted. Next, Snake Optimizer (SO) is applied to the coherent processing. Then, an Orthogonal Matching Pursuit (OMP) algorithm based on the optimal Geometrical Theory of Diffraction (GTD) dictionary selection is used to extrapolate the vacant spectrum. Experiment results of simulated and measured data are given. Experimental results show that the proposed method can effectively achieve super-resolution. This method combines simplified model rough estimation with complete model fine estimation, effectively reducing the amount of computation and realizing fast and accurate multiband fusion extrapolation processing.
- Multiband fusion /
- Coherence processing /
- Optimal dictionary selection /
- Snake Optimizer (SO) /
- Orthogonal Matching Pursuit (OMP)

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图 1 频段1、频段2与全频段示意图

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图 2 双频段融合外推示意图

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图 3 相参配准误差比较

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图 4 外推频谱与仿真频谱对比(SNR=30 dB)

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图 5 多信噪比情况下，传统外推算法与本文外推算法误差与时间比较

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图 6 不同算法搭配，运算耗时比较(SNR=30 dB)

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图 7 目标间距为6～15 cm时，目标理论值与融合外推测量值对比图

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图 8 实验工装场景

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图 9 不同间距融合外推前后，单频段距离像和宽带合成距离像对比示意图

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表 1 频率依赖因子取值表

散射机理类型	频率依赖因子取值
平板、二面角、三面角的反射	1
单弯曲曲面的反射	0.5
双弯曲曲面的反射、直边的绕射	0
曲边的绕射	–0.5
尖顶、角的绕射	–1

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1 蛇优化算法

初始化：设置基本参数：参数维度dim，设定自变量取值范围，种群中个体数量为N，最大迭代次数T，当前迭代次数t，初始t=1。在定　义域内随机建立初始种群。
种群划分：将完整种群中个体划分为两个种群。
迭代流程：
(1) 参量计算：按式(6)计算温度temp，按式(7)计算食物位置P。
(2) 更新判断：首先判断P情况：当P< 0.25时，执行步骤3；当P > 0.6时，执行步骤4；其余情况，执行步骤5。
(3) 情景1(P< 0.25)：按式(8)–式(11)执行更新。跳转到步骤6，执行判断。
(4) 情景2(P > 0.6)：按式(12)–式(13)执行更新。跳转到步骤6，执行判断。
(5) 情景3(P的其余取值情况)：当随机数rand 大于0.6，按式(14)–式(15)执行更新；反之，按式(16)–式(17)执行更新。执行步骤6。
(6) 判断：淘汰劣势个体，当迭代次数达到结束要求(或种群适应度变化小于设定阈值)时，迭代结束。
输出：最优相参估计值$ {X_{{\mathrm{food}}}} $。

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表 2 仿真多频段参数设置

	频段1	频段2	外推宽带
频段 (GHz)	9～10	11～12	9～12
频点间隔 (MHz)	20	20	20
频点个数	51	51	151
线性相位误差 (rad)	/	0.3	/
固定相位误差 (rad)	/	1.0	/

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表 3 外场多频段处理参数设置

	X1频段	X2频段	外推宽带
频段(GHz)	9～10	11～12	9～12
频点间隔(MHz)	5	5	5
频点个数	201	201	601

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表 4 实测角反间距(cm)

	X1频段(9～10 GHz)	X2频段(11～12 GHz)	本文方法(9～12 GHz)	传统方法(9～12 GHz)
17.07 cm间距角反射器测量间距	21.36	19.81	16.53	16.00
12.33 cm间距角反射器测量间距	\	\	13.86	14.40

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