An Overview on Multi-dimensional Expanded Integrated Sensing and Communication for 6G
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摘要: 面对第6代移动通信(6G)网络立体覆盖的互联感知需求和无线设备广泛接入造成的频谱稀缺问题，基于无人机(UAV)的机动性和智能反射面(IRS)重构无线传播环境特性的多维扩展通感一体化可实现立体网络空间中通信和感知功能的相互协同，有效提升频谱效率和硬件资源的利用率，满足6G万物智联的无线网络愿景。该文针对6G多维扩展通感一体化网络架构展开综述。首先，概述了 6G网络愿景和通感一体化的理论基础，并讨论基于UAV和IRS多维扩展通感一体化的应用场景、发展趋势和性能指标。然后，探讨了超大规模多输入多输出天线、太赫兹、无线携能通信、人工智能、隐蔽通信和有源反射面等6G关键前沿技术在基于无人机和智能反射面多维扩展通感一体化网络中的潜在应用。最后，展望了未来6G多维扩展通感一体化的发展方向及关键技术挑战。Abstract: Facing the demand for interconnectivity sensing of three-dimensional coverage for the sixth-Generation mobile communication (6G) networks and the spectrum scarcity issue caused by the widespread access of wireless devices, the multi-dimensional expanded Integrated Sensing and Communication (ISAC), based on Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAV) and Intelligent Reflecting Surfaces (IRS), is capable of achieving synergistic communication and sensing functions in the three-dimensional network space. This can effectively enhance spectrum efficiency, hardware resource utilization, and align with the wireless network vision of 6G Internet of Everything. This paper provides an overview of the architecture for the 6G multi-dimensional expanded ISAC. Firstly, it summarizes the theoretical foundations of the 6G network vision and ISAC networks, and the application scenarios, development trends, and performance indicators of multi-dimensional expanded ISAC based on UAV and IRS are discussed. Then, it investigates the potential applications of 6G key technologies, such as ultra-massive multiple-input and multiple-output antenna, terahertz, simultaneous wireless information and power transfer, artificial intelligence, covert communication, and active IRS, in multi-dimensional expanded ISAC networks based on UAV and IRS. Finally, the future development direction and key technical challenges of 6G multi-dimensional expanded ISAC sre prospected.
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表 1 基于UAV和IRS多维扩展的通感一体化网络应用场景
场景/应用分类 同步成像与环境重构 高精度定位与跟踪 增强人类感官 动作和表情识别 智慧工厂 区域检测和环境感知 设备定位和安装 自动化测量和控制 产品质量检测 垂直行业 智慧农业 作物生理监测和生产 自动化收取和存储 种植环境检测 作物质量监管 智慧交通 3D道路成像 无人驾驶与辅助驾驶 雨雾天气路况监测 安全驾驶 环境监测 无人机集群管理 水利水文监测 污染与空气质量检测 残障保障服务 公共服务 公共安全 灾害应急管理和疏散 交通运输安全 无接触安全检测 突发事件预测 城市管理 城市环境监督 城市文明监察 建筑安全风险检测 全时段监控 灾难救援 灾情评估与灾后重建 人员定位与物资投送 灾区环境检测 人员搜救 极端场景 战场支援 实时情报获取 精确打击支持 敌对目标监视和侦测 敌情侦测与分析 应用 太空探测 地球和大气监测 太空垃圾探测 星际空间探测 航天员健康检测 海洋勘探 海洋资源勘探 海上巡逻与航行安全 海洋气象和气候监测 海洋生态监测 
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表 3 基于UAV和IRS的多维扩展通感一体化网络性能指标
性能分类 性能指标 具体要求 通信性能 带宽和速率
稳定性传输数据的速度和容量，较大的带宽能够支持高分辨率图像、视频等大数据传输
保障UAV在高速运动和复杂环境中通信连接的可靠性，防止干扰和信号丢失感知性能 感知范围
感知精度感知功能的有效覆盖区域，UAV和IRS可提供更广泛的环境信息
感知系统识别目标和获取环境信息的准确度和可靠性，影响系统的决策能力多源数据
融合性能数据融合精度
传输时延不同传感器数据融合后的信息准确性，能够提供更全面、准确的环境认知
确保感知数据的快速获取和信息交互效率，提高系统的实时决策能力数据质量
和准确性鲁棒性
隐私和安全性在干扰和突发情况下，UAV的移动性和IRS环境重构能力保障系统功能的弹性设计
提供安全的数据传输和存储机制，保障敏感信息的安全传输网络协
同性能自适应性
能耗和计算资源基于IRS-UAV的无线网络需实现空地网络的相互协同，适应环境和任务需求的变化
保持低能耗，确保感知和数据处理和计算不过度消耗电力，提高UAV的续航能力
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