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ErlangShen: 基于流水线低访问开销的图式区块链高效事务执行机制

肖江 吴恩平 张世桀 伏子豪 金海

肖江, 吴恩平, 张世桀, 伏子豪, 金海. ErlangShen: 基于流水线低访问开销的图式区块链高效事务执行机制[J]. 电子与信息学报, 2024, 46(5): 2111-2121. doi: 10.11999/JEIT230874
引用本文: 肖江, 吴恩平, 张世桀, 伏子豪, 金海. ErlangShen: 基于流水线低访问开销的图式区块链高效事务执行机制[J]. 电子与信息学报, 2024, 46(5): 2111-2121. doi: 10.11999/JEIT230874
XIAO Jiang, WU Enping, ZHANG Shijie, FU Zihao, JIN Hai. ErlangShen: Efficient Transaction Execution Mechanism for Graphical Blockchain Based on Pipeline with Low Access Cost[J]. Journal of Electronics & Information Technology, 2024, 46(5): 2111-2121. doi: 10.11999/JEIT230874
Citation: XIAO Jiang, WU Enping, ZHANG Shijie, FU Zihao, JIN Hai. ErlangShen: Efficient Transaction Execution Mechanism for Graphical Blockchain Based on Pipeline with Low Access Cost[J]. Journal of Electronics & Information Technology, 2024, 46(5): 2111-2121. doi: 10.11999/JEIT230874

ErlangShen: 基于流水线低访问开销的图式区块链高效事务执行机制

doi: 10.11999/JEIT230874
基金项目: 国家重点研发计划 (2021YFB2700700),湖北省重点研发计划 (2021BEA164)
详细信息
    作者简介:

    肖江:女,博士,教授,博士生导师,CCF高级会员,研究方向为区块链、分布式系统

    吴恩平:男,硕士生,研究方向为区块链和分布式系统

    张世桀:男,博士生,研究方向为区块链和分布式系统

    伏子豪:男,硕士生,研究方向为区块链和分布式系统

    金海:男,博士,教授,博士生导师.CCF副理事长,CCF会士,研究方向为分布式系统

    通讯作者:

    肖江 jiangxiao@hust.edu.cn

  • 中图分类号: TN915.08; TP309

ErlangShen: Efficient Transaction Execution Mechanism for Graphical Blockchain Based on Pipeline with Low Access Cost

Funds: The National Key Research and Development Program of China (2021YFB2700700), The Key Research and Development Program of Hubei (2021BEA164)
  • 摘要: 基于有向无环图(DAG)的图式区块链能够显著提升系统性能,已成为近年来业界的研究热点。相较于传统串行化的链式区块链,图式区块链可在单位时间内并发处理大量事务从而提升吞吐量。随着事务量的激增,图式区块链面临事务执行效率低的瓶颈问题,即海量事务执行对状态数据访问的需求大幅增加,导致高昂的输入/输出(I/O)开销。实现低I/O访问主要包括两方面的全新挑战:一方面,图式区块链若直接采用传统的事务预取机制,将因执行逻辑不一致引入大量的陈旧读;另一方面,针对不同账户的状态访问会在默克尔树的高层节点中造成重复的I/O开销。为此,本文设计基于流水线的图式区块链高效事务执行机制—ErlangShen,包括Epoch粒度的状态预取机制和默克尔高层路径缓存机制来分别减少陈旧读的数量和重复的I/O开销。具体而言,ErlangShen充分分析并利用了事务访问频次的冷热特征,将访问热事务的逻辑执行与冷事务的状态预取并行化,以避免状态预取对事务执行的影响。此外,为了进一步提升事务执行的吞吐量,根据访问冷热状态事务的特性设计了定制化的并发控制方法。实验结果表明,ErlangShen机制能够减少约90%的陈旧读数量,与最新图式区块链事务处理机制Nezha相比,可将性能提升3~4倍。
  • 图  1  链式区块链与图式区块链的结构对比

    图  2  链式区块链与图式区块链的事务处理流程对比

    图  3  不同账户数量下的状态读取时延

    图  4  图式区块链下事务粒度和Epoch粒度下状态预取的陈旧读对比

    图  5  图式区块链下数据的冷热特征

    图  6  系统架构

    图  7  区块链系统中最流行的MPT结构

    图  8  图式区块的事务全序

    图  9  冷事务并发的依赖图

    图  10  高层路径缓冲区对状态提取的影响

    图  11  事务执行的性能

    图  12  事务执行的整体性能对比

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出版历程
  • 收稿日期:  2023-08-09
  • 修回日期:  2023-11-03
  • 网络出版日期:  2023-11-13
  • 刊出日期:  2024-05-30

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