Diffuse Scattering Propagation and Depolarization Modeling for B5G Millimeter-wave Communications at 40～50 GHz
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摘要: 漫散射传播与极化特性对于准确刻画、掌握毫米波(mmWave)信道传播机理，建立高精度毫米波通信信道模型至关重要。针对毫米波频段建筑材料粗糙面引起的漫散射传播和去极化特性表征不足，缺乏去极化理论模型的问题，该文提出一种基于有效粗糙度理论的漫散射去极化建模方法。从电磁波的极化维度分解粗糙面材料引起的漫散射辐射传播电场，引入去极化指数构建传播模型，利用40～50 GHz频段典型材料的实测数据，研究了功率角度谱、去极化指数和交叉极化鉴别比等漫散射传播及极化特性。结果表明，所提模型能够描述表面粗糙和光滑建筑材料的极化特性，去极化转化率分别高达39%和4%。Abstract: To achieve an accurate characterization and thorough understanding of the millimeter-Wave (mmWave) communication channel propagation mechanism, precise characterization of diffuse scattering propagation and polarization is crucial. These aspects are also indispensable for the development of a high-precision mmWave channel model. In response to the insufficient characterization of diffuse scattering propagation and polarization caused by building materials in the mmWave frequency bands, a novel diffuse scattering depolarization modeling method based on effective roughness theory is presented in this paper. Initially, the electric field of the diffuse scattering radiation produced by the rough surface of building materials is decomposed along the polarization dimension of the electromagnetic wave. Subsequently, the depolarization coefficient is introduced to establish the propagation model. The paper investigates the diffuse scattering propagation and polarization characteristics, encompassing the power angle spectrum, depolarization coefficient, and cross-polarization discrimination ratio, by utilizing measured data of typical materials in the 40～50 GHz frequency range. The obtained results validate that the proposed model effectively captures the polarization characteristics of building materials with both rough and smooth surfaces. The achieved depolarization conversion rates are 39% and 4%, respectively.
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表 1 测量系统参数
测量参数 取值 测量参数 取值 中心频率 45 GHz 天线类型 喇叭天线 频率带宽 10 GHz 天线极化 水平/垂直极化 扫频点数 1001 入射角 10°/20°/30° 频点间隔 10 MHz 接收角度间隔 5° 中频带宽 2 kHz 测量半径 50 cm 信号功率 0 dBm 收发天线高度 60 cm 
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表 2 被测材料的几何尺寸和电磁特性参数
测量材料 参量 花岗岩 岩石 地毯 几何
尺寸长 (cm) 76.8 79.55 147.3 宽 (cm) 42.0 80.95 117.6 高 (cm) 1.52 1.88 1.08 起伏
高度表面高度标准差 (${\mathrm{μ}} {\mathrm{m}}$) 0.361 70.48 990.89 电磁特性参数[17] 介电常数 5.37 4.59 2.17 电导率 0.2 0.3 0.08
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表 4 3种材料在不同入射角下的电波传播系数、平均交叉极化鉴别比和平均去极化指数
入射角 花岗岩 岩石 地毯 T R S MXPD M (%) T R S MXPD M (%) T R S MXPD M (%) 10° 0.31 0.91 0.28 –13.04 3 0.55 0.65 0.52 –11.73 20 0.63 0.61 0.48 –11.69 30 20° 0.36 0.88 0.31 –12.37 4 0.48 0.68 0.55 –10.92 25 0.72 0.43 0.55 –9.07 38 30° 0.54 0.75 0.38 –12.33 4 0.43 0.71 0.55 –10.80 25 0.70 0.39 0.6 –8.69 39
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