基于自由空间光的无人机通信网络关键技术与发展趋势

冯斯梦; 赵一迪; 董超; 吴启晖

doi:10.11999/JEIT230644

基于自由空间光的无人机通信网络关键技术与发展趋势

doi: 10.11999/JEIT230644

南京航空航天大学电磁频谱空间认知动态系统工业和信息化部重点实验室南京 211106

基金项目: 国家自然科学基金青年科学基金(62001219)，江苏省基础研究计划自然科学基金—前沿引领技术基础研究专项(BK20222013)，江苏省产业前瞻与关键核心技术重点项目课题(BE2021013-4)

详细信息

作者简介:
冯斯梦：女，副研究员，研究方向为无线光通信技术、无人机通信网络、天地一体智能信息网络等

赵一迪：女，硕士生，研究方向为无线光通信技术、无人机通信网络等

董超：男，教授，研究方向为无人机蜂群自组织网络、空天地一体智联网、边缘网络智能、无人机协同智能应用等

吴启晖：男，教授，研究方向为认知科学与应用、认知信息论、天地一体化智能信息网络、电磁空间频谱认知智能管控等

通讯作者:
冯斯梦　simeng-feng@nuaa.edu.cn

中图分类号: TN929.12
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2023-06-29
- 修回日期: 2023-11-06
- 录用日期: 2023-11-14
- 网络出版日期: 2023-11-17
- 刊出日期: 2024-06-30

Key Technologies and Development Trends of Free Space Optical UAV Communication Network

Key Laboratory of Dynamic Cognitive System of Electromagnetic Spectrum Space, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Nanjing University of Aeronautics & Astronautics, Nanjing 211106, China

Funds: The National Natural Science Foundation of China Youth Science Foundation Project (62001219), The Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province Basic Research Program-Frontier Leading Technology Basic Research Project (BK20222013), Jiangsu Province Industry Outlook and Key Core Technology Key Projects (BE2021013-4)

摘要

摘要: 在当前电磁频谱拥堵和无线电干扰严重的情况下，基于自由空间光(FSO)的无人机(UAV)通信网络作为推进空天地一体化进程的重要一环，得到了学术界和工业界的广泛关注。与传统射频通信相比，FSO通信具有高数据传输速率、低时延和高安全性等优势。然而，FSO链路易受大气信道条件影响，同时UAV高移动性、网络高动态性以及机载资源的有限性给FSO的稳定连接与可靠通信带来了巨大挑战。因此，该文在介绍了FSO传输特性的基础上，着重分析了提升基于FSO的UAV通信网络稳定性与通信质量的关键技术，在此基础上，归纳出高可靠、强智能、长续航的发展趋势，以期为基于FSO的UAV通信网络发展提供参考与借鉴。
- 空天地一体化 /
- 无人机通信网络 /
- 自由空间光通信
Abstract: Considering the electromagnetic spectrum congestion and serious interference, the Free Space Optical (FSO)-based Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) communication network constitutes an important part for the space-air-ground integration, attracting substantial attention from both academia and industry. Compared to radio frequency communication, FSO communication is benefited from high data rate, low latency and high security. However, the FSO link is susceptible to atmospheric environment, while the mobile UAV dynamics topology and limited resources bring further challenges. Therefore, this paper first introduces the FSO transmission characteristics and then focuses on the key technologies to enhance stability and quality of FSO-based UAV networks. Furthermore, the development trend of FSO-based UAV network, in terms of high reliability, strong intelligence and long endurance is analyzed.
- Space-air-ground integrated /
- Unmanned Aerial Vehicle(UAV) communication network /
- FSO-based communication

HTML全文

图 1 基于FSO的UAV通信网络

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图 2 指向误差示意图

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图 3 到达角波动示意图

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图 4 基于FSO/RF混合的UAV通信网络

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图 5 中继传输的基于FSO的UAV通信网络

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图 6 缓存辅助的基于FSO的UAV通信网络

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表 1 分子吸收系数表

波长(nm)	分子吸收(dB/km)
550	0.13
690	0.01
850	0.41
1550	0.01

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表 2 大气粒子散射过程表

类型	半径(μm)	散射过程
空气分子	0.0001	瑞利
雾霾粒子	0.01～1.00	瑞利-米氏
雾滴	1～20	三重几何
雨	100～10000	几何
雪	1000～5000	几何
冰雹	5000～50000	几何

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表 3 大气湍流类型

条件	类型	特点
漩涡尺度大于发射机光束大小	光束漂移	漩涡以随机方式从原始路径整体偏转光束，导致指向误差，光束错开接收机区域。
漩涡尺度等于发射机光束大小	光束闪烁	漩涡起到透镜作用，使入射光束聚焦并导致接收机处的光辐射照度波动。
漩涡尺度小于发射机光束大小	光束扩散	光束的一小部分被独立衍射和散射，导致接收功率密度降低以及接收光束的波前扭曲。

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表 4 UAV辅助的FSO/RF混合通信网络的系统模型

FSO/RF混合方式	文献	系统建模
备份传输	[27]	地面基站与宏基站通过FSO通信，在恶劣天气时采用RF通信。
	[28]	卫星根据传感器获得的天气状况选择RF或FSO链路，调整发射功率，与地面用户进行通信。
	[29]	用户向UAV发送信号，UAV通过基于交换机的混合FSO/RF链路与卫星连接。
双跳异构传输	[30]	室外基站通过FSO链路将信号传输给UAV, UAV通过RF将信号传输到室内用户。
	[31]	UAV利用FSO链路接收回程终端的信息，利用RF链路将信息转发到用户终端。
	[32]	固定信源到UAV采用FSO通信，UAV到固定目的节点采用RF通信。

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