基于高分辨率类激活映射算法的弱监督目标实时检测

孙辉; 史玉龙; 张健一; 王蕊; 王羽玥

doi:10.11999/JEIT230268

基于高分辨率类激活映射算法的弱监督目标实时检测

doi: 10.11999/JEIT230268

孙辉¹,
史玉龙^{1, 2},
张健一¹,
王蕊^1, ,,
王羽玥³

1.
中国民航大学电子信息与自动化学院天津 300300
2.
南开大学人工智能学院天津 300350
3.
天津滨海国际机场有限公司天津 300399

基金项目: 天津市自然科学基金(18JCYBJC42300)

详细信息

作者简介:
孙辉：男，讲师，研究方向为无线传感器网络、智慧机场、机场驱鸟、认知无线电、多智能体

史玉龙：男，博士生，研究方向为图像处理、机场驱鸟、系统辩识、无线传感器网络

张健一：男，本科生，研究方向为图像处理、深度学习

王蕊：女，教授，研究方向为机场驱鸟、分布式系统、无线传感网络、混沌系统、多智能体、系统辨识

王羽玥：女，高级农艺师，研究方向为机场鸟防

通讯作者:
王蕊　ruiwang@cauc.edu.cn

中图分类号: TN911.73; TP391.4
计量
- 文章访问数: 533
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- PDF下载量: 59
- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2023-04-13
- 修回日期: 2023-07-28
- 网络出版日期: 2023-08-10
- 刊出日期: 2024-03-27

Weakly Supervised Object Real-time Detection Based on High-resolution Class Activation Mapping Algorithm

SUN Hui¹,
SHI Yulong^{1, 2},
ZHANG Jianyi¹,
WANG Rui^{1
, ,},
WANG Yuyue³

1.
College of Information Engineering and Automation, Civil Aviation University of China, Tianjin 300300, China
2.
College of Artificial Intelligence, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
3.
Tianjin Binhai International Airport Co., Ltd., Tianjin 300399, China

Funds: Tianjin Natural Science Foundation (18JCYBJC42300)

摘要

摘要: 受益于深度学习的发展，目标检测技术在各类视觉任务中得到广泛关注。然而，获取目标的边框标注需要高昂的时间和人工成本，阻碍了目标检测技术在实际场景中的应用。为此，该文在仅使用图像类别标签的基础上，提出一种基于高分辨率类激活映射算法的弱监督目标实时检测方法，降低网络对目标实例标注的依赖。该方法将目标检测细划分为弱监督目标定位和目标实时检测两个子任务。在弱监督定位任务中，该文利用对比层级相关性传播理论设计了一种新颖的高分辨率类激活映射算法(HR-CAM)，用于获取高质量目标类激活图，生成目标伪检测标注框。在实时检测任务中，该文选取单镜头多盒检测器(SSD)作为目标检测网络，并基于类激活图设计目标感知损失函数(OA-Loss)，与目标伪检测标注框共同监督SSD网络的训练过程，提高网络对目标的检测性能。实验结果表明，该文方法在CUB200和TJAB52数据集上实现了对目标准确高效的检测，验证了该文方法的有效性和优越性。
- 弱监督定位 /
- 目标检测 /
- 对比层级相关性传播理论 /
- 类激活映射算法 /
- 目标感知损失函数
Abstract: Thanks to the development of deep learning technology, object detection techniques have gained wide attention in various vision tasks. However, obtaining bounding box annotations for objects requires high time and labor costs, which hinders the application of object detection technology in practical scenarios. Therefore, a weakly supervised real-time object detection method based on high resolution class activation mapping algorithm is proposed, using only image class labels to reduce the dependence of network on object instance labels. It subdivides object detection into two subtasks: weakly supervised object localization and real-time object detection. In weakly supervised object localization task, a novel High Resolution Class Activation Mapping(HR-CAM) algorithm based on contrastive layer-wise relevance propagation theory is designed. It can obtain high quality class activation maps and generate pseudo detection annotation box. In real-time detection task, Single Shot multibox Detector(SSD) network as object detector is selected and an Object-Aware Loss function(OA-Loss) based on the class activation maps is designed. It can jointly supervise the training process of the SSD network with generated pseudo detection annotation box, to improve the networks' detection performance for objects. The experimental results show that the method proposed in this paper can achieve accurate and efficient object detection on the CUB200 and TJAB52 datasets, verifying the effectiveness and superiority of this method.
- Weakly supervised localization /
- Object detection /
- Contrastive layer-wise relevance propagation theory /
- Class Activation Mapping(CAM) algorithm /
- Object-Aware Loss function(OA-Loss)

HTML全文

图 1 基于HR-CAM算法的弱监督目标实时检测整体框架

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图 2 HR-CAM算法生成目标伪检测标注框的过程

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图 3 SSD网络监督训练的整体框图

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图 4 TJAB52数据集示例图

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图 5 部分弱监督目标定位实验结果示例

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图 6 目标感知损失函数消融实验结果图

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图 7 部分检测成功与失败结果示例图

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表 1 不同弱监督定位方法在CUB200数据集实验结果对比(%)

方法	分类网络	CUB200
方法	分类网络	Top-1	Top-5	GT-know
CAM^[17]	VGG16	41.06	50.66	55.10
ACoL^[18]	VGG16	45.92	56.51	62.96
ADL^[19]	VGG16	52.36	–	75.41
DANet^[20]	VGG16	52.52	61.96	67.70
I2C^[21]	VGG16	55.99	68.34	–
MEIL^[22]	VGG16	57.46	–	73.84
GCNet^[23]	VGG16	63.24	75.54	81.10
PSOL^[24]	VGG16	66.30	84.05	89.11
SPA^[25]	VGG16	60.27	72.50	77.29
SLT^[31]	VGG16	67.80	–	87.60
FAM^[13]	VGG16	69.26	–	89.26
本文方法	VGG16	67.43	82.59	87.34
CAM^[17]	Resnet50	46.71	54.44	57.35
ADL^[19]	Resnet50-SE	62.29	–	–
I2C^[21]	Resnet50	–	–	–
PSOL^[24]	Resnet50	70.68	86.64	90.00
WTL^[32]	Resnet50	64.70	–	77.35
FAM^[13]	Resnet50	73.74	–	85.73
本文方法	Resnet50	71.82	85.29	87.19

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表 2 TJAB52鸟类数据集弱监督定位实验结果(%)

主干网络	Acc	Top-1	Top-5	GT-know
Vgg16	85.92	76.68	89.52	90.83
Resnet50	89.07	81.35	93.37	94.96

下载: 导出CSV

表 3 CUB200和TJAB52数据集目标检测实验结果(%)

评价指标	CUB200		TJAB52
评价指标	伪标注	真实标注	伪标注	真实标注
Acc	81.43	82.24	83.79	85.94
Top-1	77.96	83.61	81.03	87.46
Top-5	80.32	87.56	85.90	92.15

下载: 导出CSV

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