DR-GAN：一种无监督学习的探地雷达杂波抑制方法

雷文太; 毛凌青; 庞泽邦; 任强; 王成浩; 隋浩; 辛常乐

doi:10.11999/JEIT221072

DR-GAN：一种无监督学习的探地雷达杂波抑制方法

doi: 10.11999/JEIT221072

1.
中南大学计算机学院长沙 410083
2.
中国电波传播研究所青岛 266107

基金项目: 中国电波传播研究所稳定支持科研经费(A131903W13)

详细信息

作者简介:
雷文太：男，教授，研究方向为探地雷达信号处理技术

毛凌青：男，硕士生，研究方向为探地雷达信号处理技术

庞泽邦：男，博士生，研究方向为基于深度学习的探地雷达智能数据处理

任强：男，高级工程师，研究方向为探地雷达系统集成技术

王成浩：男，高级工程师，研究方向为探地雷达信息处理

隋浩：男，硕士生，研究方向为探地雷达信号处理技术

辛常乐：男，硕士生，研究方向为探地雷达信号处理技术

通讯作者:
庞泽邦　pangzebang@csu.edu.cn

中图分类号: TN957.52
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2022-08-15
- 修回日期: 2023-02-16
- 网络出版日期: 2023-02-22
- 刊出日期: 2023-10-31

DR-GAN: An Unsupervised Learning Approach to Clutter Suppression for Ground Penetrating Radar

1.
School of Computer Science, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
2.
China Research Institute of Radiowave Propagation, Qingdao 266107, China

Funds: The Stable-Support Scientific Project of China Research Institute of Radiowave Propagation (A131903W13)

摘要

摘要: 探地雷达(GPR)是一种基于电磁波的地下无损探测技术，广泛应用于市政工程、交通、军事等领域。在数据采集过程中，由于发射天线和接收天线之间的耦合、起伏地面的散射以及地下随机媒质的复杂性等原因，采集得到的GPR B-scan回波中通常存在杂波，杂波严重影响了地下目标的检测和特征提取。该文提出一种用于GPR B-scan图像杂波抑制的解纠缠表示生成对抗网络(DR-GAN)，设计了目标特征编码器和杂波特征编码器用来提取GPR B-scan图像中的目标特征和杂波特征，设计了杂波抑制生成器用来获取杂波抑制后的GPR B-scan图像。与现有的基于监督学习的GPR杂波抑制方法相比，该方法在网络训练时不需要成对的匹配数据，可以更好地应用于实测GPR图像的杂波抑制。在仿真和实测GPR数据上的实验结果表明，DR-GAN这一无监督学习网络具有更好的杂波抑制性能。对石英砂中埋设的钢筋进行数据采集，运用DR-GAN对含杂波的实测数据进行处理，处理结果的改善系数(IF)指标较现有的鲁棒非负矩阵分解(RNMF)方法提高了17.85 dB。
- 探地雷达 /
- 杂波抑制 /
- 无监督学习 /
- 解纠缠表示 /
- 生成对抗网络
Abstract: Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) is an underground nondestructive detection technology based on electromagnetic wave, which is widely used in municipal engineering, transportation, military and other fields. In the process of data acquisition, due to the coupling between transmitting antenna and receiving antenna, scattering from undulating ground and the complexity of underground random media, there is usually clutter in the GPR B-scan, which affects seriously the detection and feature extraction of underground targets. A Disentanglement Representation Generative Adversarial network (DR-GAN) for clutter suppression in GPR B-scan images is proposed. A target feature encoder and a clutter feature encoder are designed to extract target features and clutter features in GPR B-scan images. A clutter suppression generator is designed to obtain the GPR B-scan image after clutter suppression. Compared with the existing GPR clutter suppression methods based on supervised learning, the proposed method does not need pairwise matching data during network training, and can be better applied to the clutter suppression of measured GPR images. Experimental results on simulated and measured GPR data show that DR-GAN is an unsupervised learning network with better clutter suppression performance. The data of reinforcement embedded in quartz sand are collected, and the measured data containing clutter are processed by DR-GAN. The Improvement Factor (IF) index of the processing results is 17.85 dB higher than that of the existing Robust Nonnegative Matrix Factorization (RNMF) method.
- Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) /
- Clutter suppression /
- Unsupervised learning /
- Disentangled Representations (DR) /
- Generative Adversarial Networks (GAN)

HTML全文

图 1 DR-GAN的网络框架

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图 2 GPR图像的杂波抑制流程

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图 3 DR-GAN的编码器与生成器的网络结构

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图 4 DR-GAN的判别器网络结构

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图 5 仿真场景模型

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图 6 DR-GAN在仿真数据上的杂波抑制效果

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图 7 不同方法对仿真数据的杂波抑制效果

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图 8 实测场景

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图 9 实测杂波数据的制作

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图 10 DR-GAN在实测数据上的杂波抑制效果

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图 11 不同方法对实测数据的杂波抑制效果

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表 1 仿真场景参数

模型参数		扫描场景参数
模型尺寸	1.8 m×0.002 m×0.45 m	发射源波形	瑞克子波
单元格大小	0.002 m×0.002 m×0.002 m	发射中心频率	2 GHz
土壤沙子重量百分比	50%	仿真时窗	10 ns
土壤粘土重量百分比	50%	发射天线起点	(0.1 m,0.002 m,0.4 m)
土壤的容重	2.0 g/cm³	接收天线起点	(0.2 m,0.002 m,0.4 m)
土壤的沙粒密度	2.66 g/cm³	每次扫描天线移动距离	0.01 m
土壤体积含水率范围	0.001～0.150	目标形状	圆柱、方柱
土壤材料种类	50种	圆柱半径	0.03～0.05 m
土壤厚度	0.4 m	方柱边长	0.04～0.06 m
土壤表面高度起伏范围	0.38～0.41 m	目标高度	0.2～0.3 m
		目标水平位置	0.35～1.45 m

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表 2 各种杂波抑制算法的平均PSNR(dB)/平均SSIM

目标类型	MS	SVD	NMF	RPCA	RNMF	RAE	本文DR-GAN
PVC圆柱体	0.85/0.014	22.38/0.365	22.23/0.305	23.54/0.259	22.72/0.205	22.56/0.154	36.66/0.965
空洞圆柱体	6.62/0.060	22.96/0.420	22.96/0.398	25.94/0.470	24.35/0.338	22.99/0.363	42.73/0.989
金属圆柱体	12.58/0.126	25.26/0.588	25.18/0.562	27.59/0.612	25.86/0.471	25.92/0.432	44.70/0.992
PVC方柱体	6.41/0.021	23.09/0.357	24.06/0.365	27.11/0.437	25.84/0.351	25.22/0.287	43.65/0.980
空洞方柱体	12.45/0.072	25.79/0.535	25.38/0.494	28.78/0.597	26.43/0.444	25.80/0.369	47.92/0.993
金属方柱体	16.97/0.181	25.97/0.538	25.39/0.504	29.15/0.652	27.45/0.538	26.72/0.458	48.00/0.993

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表 3 各种杂波抑制方法的平均用时(s)

	MS	SVD	NMF	RPCA	RNMF	RAE	DR-GAN(GPU)
时间	0.002 9	0.010 2	0.013 6	2.083 9	6.063 6	3.872 6	0.103 0

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表 4 实测数据杂波抑制的平均IF(dB)

目标类型	MS	SVD	NMF	RPCA	RNMF	RAE	本文DR-GAN
空心PVC管	10.49	24.19	24.59	20.68	24.74	12.01	41.34
空心塑料瓶	13.26	24.50	23.82	23.18	24.67	18.40	45.79
钢筋	13.19	26.07	25.96	26.28	28.16	26.65	46.01

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