非平稳机载全极化SAR定量化测量误差分析及处理方法

刘亚波; 周晓杰; 陆岷; 喻忠军

doi:10.11999/JEIT220475

非平稳机载全极化SAR定量化测量误差分析及处理方法

doi: 10.11999/JEIT220475

刘亚波^1, ,,
周晓杰^{1, 2},
陆岷¹,
喻忠军^{1, 2}

1.
中国科学院空天信息创新研究院北京 100094
2.
中国科学院大学电子电气与通信工程学院北京 100049

详细信息

作者简介:
刘亚波：男，副研究员，博士，研究方向为合成孔径雷达系统仿真与信号处理

周晓杰：男，硕士生，研究方向为极化合成孔径雷达定标

陆岷：男，助理研究员，博士，研究方向为机载合成孔径雷达系统设计

喻忠军：男，研究员，研究方向为机载合成孔径雷达系统设计

通讯作者:
刘亚波　liuyb@aircas.ac.cn

中图分类号: TN958.2
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- PDF下载量: 64
- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2022-04-19
- 修回日期: 2022-07-07
- 网络出版日期: 2022-07-11
- 刊出日期: 2023-05-10

Error Analysis and Processing Method of Non-stationary Airborne Fully Polarimetric SAR Quantitative Measurement

LIU Yabo^{1
, ,},
ZHOU Xiaojie^{1, 2},
LU Min¹,
YU Zhongjun^{1, 2}

1.
Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100094, China
2.
School of Electronic, Electrical and Communication Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China

摘要

摘要: 即使SAR系统内外定标非常准确，在不同飞行条件下，机载全极化SAR测量精度仍然存在一定的变化，特别在非平稳及高波段时，精度恶化较为严重。针对该问题，该文首先建立了非平稳环境下全极化SAR误差模型，然后分析了分时收发体制下通道间轨迹的微弱变化对极化相位不平衡度的影响，指出随着波段的提升，相同运动误差导致的相位不平衡度相应加重，据此给出了相应的处理方法。最后通过仿真及高分航空专项S波段SAR获取的数据对该方法进行了检验，开展的多次应用示范，也验证了方法的有效性和稳定性。
- 合成孔径雷达 /
- 定量化测量 /
- 误差分析 /
- 相位不平衡度
Abstract: Even though the internal and external SAR system calibration is very accurate, the accuracy of airborne fully polarimetric SAR measurement still changes to some extent under different flight conditions. In the condition of non-stationary and high frequency, the accuracy deteriorates seriously. In order to solve this problem, an error model of fully polarimetric SAR in non-stationary environment is proposed, and then the influence of the slight variation of trajectory between channels on the polarization phase imbalance degree in time-sharing transceiver system is analyzed. It is pointed out that the same motion error will aggravate the phase imbalance with the increase of the band. The corresponding processing method is proposed accordingly. Finally, the effectiveness of this method is verified by simulation and S-band SAR data. The effectiveness and stability of this method are also verified by several application demonstrations.
- Synthetic Aperture Radar(SAR) /
- Quantitative measurement /
- Error analysis /
- Phase imbalance

HTML全文

图 1 全极化天线嵌套实现和分孔径实现方式

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图 2 机载全极化SAR定量化测量的处理流程

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图 3 速度、通道间速度差与位置差示意

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图 4 点目标相位误差

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图 5 Pauli分解图

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图 6 定标场飞行情况

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图 7 测区飞行情况

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表 1 国内外典型SAR系统定标精度

平台	SAR	绝对定标精度(dB)	相对辐射定标精度(dB)	极化隔离度(dB)	通道不平衡度(dB)	相位不平衡度(°)
机载	毫米波SAR^[15]	$ \le 2 $	$ \le 1 $	–	–	–
	X-SAR^[16]	$ \le 2$	$ \le 1$	–	$ \pm 0.2$	$ \pm 11$
	UAVSAR^[20]	$ \le 1$	$ \le 0.7$	$ - 30$	$ \pm 0.04$	$ \pm 6$
	F-SAR^[21]	$ \le 2$	$ \le 0.3$	$ - 37$	–	$ \pm 2$
	Pi-SAR-L2^[22]	$ \le 1$	–	$ - 35$	$ \pm 0.2$	$ \pm 5$
星载	SIR-C^[23]	$ \le 3 $	$ \le 1.5 $	$ - 30$	$ \pm 0.4$	$ \pm 10$
	Tandem-X^[24]	$ \le 0.5$	$ \le 0.2$	–	–	–
	Sentinel-1A^[25]	$ \le 1$	$ \le 0.5$	$ - 33.2$	$ \pm 0.2$	$ \pm 13$
	AlSO-2^[26]	$ \le 1$	$ \le 0.5$	$ - 40$	$ \pm 1$	$ \pm 5$
	GF-3^[27,28]	$ \le 1.5$	$ \le 1$	$ - 45$	$ \pm 0.5$	$ \pm 10$

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表 2 雷达及飞行参数表

参数	数值
载频(GHz)	3,9,35
采样频率(MHz)	400
中心视角(°)	60
带宽(MHz)	300
中心斜距(m)	5000
数据积累时间(s)	11.1
航向速度(m/s)	70
Y和Z方向速度(m/s)	0.1
Y和Z方向加速度(m/s²)	0.01

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表 3 S波段飞行参数

参数	数值
参数	机场	测区
载频(GHz)	3.240040～55300
采样频率(MHz)
视角(°)
带宽(MHz)
中心斜距(m)	2817	5818
飞行高度(m)	1993	4206
飞机速度(m/s)	71	76

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表 4 机场角反射器补偿前后性能指标(°)

	补偿前	补偿后
同极化通道相位不平衡度	3.47	3.19
交叉极化通道相位不平衡度	3.07	1.17

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表 5 裸土同极化通道相位测量(°)

区域	入射角	补偿前	补偿后
1	41.93	2.15	1.46
2	42.83	3.26	1.71
3	44.39	2.31	1.51
4	47.03	3.75	2.22
5	50.31	3.99	2.77
6	51.93	4.16	3.61
7	52.51	6.17	3.9
相位不平衡度		3.89	2.62

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