水声网络全双工定向碰撞避免媒体接入控制协议

刘奇佩; 乔钢; Suleman Mazhar

doi:10.11999/JEIT211426

水声网络全双工定向碰撞避免媒体接入控制协议

doi: 10.11999/JEIT211426

1.
哈尔滨工程大学水声技术重点实验室哈尔滨 150001
2.
海洋信息获取与安全工信部重点实验室(哈尔滨工程大学) 哈尔滨 150001
3.
哈尔滨工程大学水声工程学院哈尔滨 150001

基金项目: 黑龙江自然科学基金(LH2021F010)

详细信息

作者简介:
刘奇佩：男，博士生，研究方向为水下传感器网络、Ad Hoc网络、算法、机器学习

乔钢：男，教授，博士生导师，研究方向为水声通信技术、OFDM通信技术、水下传感器网络

Suleman Mazhar：男，博士，教授，研究方向为声学、机器学习

通讯作者:
乔钢　qiaogang@hrbeu.edu.cn

中图分类号: TN929.3
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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2021-12-02
- 修回日期: 2022-03-25
- 网络出版日期: 2022-03-29
- 刊出日期: 2023-02-10

Full-Duplex Directional Collision Avoidance Medium Access Control Protocol for Underwater Acoustic Networks

1.
Acoustic Science and Technology Laboratory, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin 150001, China
2.
Key Laboratory of Marine Information Acquisition and Security(Harbin Engineering University), Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Harbin 150001, China
3.
College of Underwater Acoustic Engineering, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin 150001, China

Funds: The Natural Science Foundation of Heilongjiang (LH2021F010)

摘要

摘要: 近年来水声网络(UAN)技术飞速发展，但仍然面临诸多严峻挑战，能量效率成为水声网络的首要考虑因素。此外，水声信道传播时延大且可用带宽受限，严重制约了水声通信技术的可靠性和有效性，进而限制了水声网络的整体性能。定向通信技术可以有效改善上述情况，通过波束聚焦能力将声波能量聚集在一定角度范围内，获得比全向通信更高的通信范围和信噪比，提升整个网络的能耗效率和空间复用率。但该技术需要对目的节点的位置具备先验知识，且会面临“聋节点”问题，因此该文提出一个水声网络全双工定向碰撞避免(FDDCA)媒体接入控制(MAC)协议，通过装备两个分别处于不同工作频带的全向换能器和定向换能器解决“聋节点”问题，并通过降低节点的冲突域解决了“暴露终端”问题。仿真结果表明，与水下Aloha(UW-Aloha)和时隙地面多址接入(S-FAMA)协议相比，FDDCA在多汇聚节点的网络拓扑下吞吐量分别提升了140%和400%，网络能效上节省了90%和94%。
- 水声网络 /
- 全双工 /
- 定向通信 /
- 媒体接入控制协议
Abstract: A great improvement in Underwater Acoustic Network (UAN) has been witnessed in past few years, but severe challenges still remain, and energy efficiency becomes the primary consideration of UAN. In addition, the reliability and effectiveness of underwater acoustic communication technology are seriously restricted by the large propagation delay of the underwater acoustic channel and the limitation of available bandwidth, and the performance of UAN is limited. Through the ability to focus a beam, the above challenges can be effectively addressed by directional communication technology, resulting in a higher communication range and signal-to-noise ratio than omnidirectional communication, as well as energy consumption efficiency and spatial reuse ratio of the whole network are improved. However, a priori knowledge of the location of the destination node is required and the problem of deafness occurs. Therefore, the Full-Duplex Directional Collision Avoidance (FDDCA) Medium Access Control (MAC) protocol is proposed in this paper, with which the problem of deafness is resolved by using two transducers that work in omnidirectional and directional modes, respectively, as well as the exposed terminal problem. Results supporting the conclusions are shown in the simulations, where 90% and 94% energy savings, 140% and 400% throughput improvements are acquired in different network topologies by FDDCA, compared with UnderWater Aloha (UW-Aloha) and Slotted FAMA (S-FAMA) protocol.
- Underwater Acoustic Network(UAN) /
- Full-duplex /
- Directional communication /
- Medium Access Control protocol

HTML全文

图 1 隐藏终端和暴露终端问题

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图 2 单个模态对应的波束指向性

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图 3 系统收/发指向性

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图 4 本文所用两种通信模式示意图

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图 5 微元法计算模态换能器能量消耗

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图 6 FDDCA解决“隐藏终端”

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图 7 FDDCA解决“暴露发送终端”

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图 8 FDDCA解决“暴露接收终端”

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图 9 “聋节点”问题

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图 10 稀疏网络下邻节点发现效率

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图 11 仿真拓扑结构

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图 12 吞吐量对比

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图 13 网络能耗对比

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图 14 网络能量效率对比

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图 15 协议开销对比

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表 1 术语解释

缩略词	英文	含义及目的
ND	Neighbor Discovery	邻节点发现
OHELLO	Omni-HELLO	一种数据包种类，使用全向模式发送
ORTS	Omni-RTS	全向发送的RTS数据包，用于请求发送
DCTS	Directional-CTS	定向发送的CTS包，用于清除信道
DDATA	Directional-DATA	定向发送DATA，获得高信噪比和能量效率
OEW	Omni-EarlyWarning	全向发送的EarlyWarning，用于通知竞争节点退避
OACK	Omni-ACK	全向发送的ACK

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表 2 仿真参数设置

参数	协议类型
参数	FDDCA	对比协议
信号传播范围(m)	2000	2000
信噪比门限(dB)	10	10
数据包大小(Byte)	256	256
数据率(bps)	50～400	50～400
物理层通信速率(bps)	2000	2000
载波频率(kHz)	15,25	25
频带宽度(kHz)	2,5	5
声源级(dB)	134.1,141.1	141.1
功耗(W)	50,9.6	50

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