Performance Analysis of Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Swarms Air-to-ground Networking under Distance-constrained Clustering Strategy
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摘要: 在无人机(UAV)辅助的能量受限低功耗物联网(IoT)节点数据传输场景中，针对传统的Matérn聚类过程 (MCP)建模造成的无人机覆盖冗余问题，该文提出一种Matérn集群下的距离约束分簇策略(MCDC)。该策略采用带有距离约束的Matérn聚类过程对无人机和地面IoT节点位置进行了建模，实现冗余覆盖的大幅度下降。在此分布策略下，IoT节点首先通过从无人机发送的射频信号中收集能量，然后利用收集的能量向无人机进行上行数据传输，解决IoT节点能量受限问题。此外，分析了IoT节点传输机会以及无人机群空地网络的上行传输中断性能和吞吐量，并衡量了上下行阶段的时间分配比，无人机的发射功率，以及IoT节点密度等参数对网络性能的影响。最后通过仿真对理论结果进行了验证。Abstract: A scenario of Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) assisted energy-constrained low-power Internet of Things (IoT) nodes for data transmission is considered, to address the problem of UAV coverage overlapped caused by the traditional Matérn Cluster Process (MCP) modeling, a Matérn Cluster under Distance Constraint (MCDC) strategy is proposed. The strategy uses the Matérn cluster process with distance constraints to model the locations of UAVs and IoT nodes, and achieves a significant reduction in redundant coverage. Under the MCDC strategy, the energy-constrained IoT nodes first harvest energy from the radio frequency signal sent by the UAV, and then use the harvested energy to transmit information to the UAV. The transmission probability of the IoT nodes, the outage performance, and the network throughput are analyzed; The time allocation ratio of the harvesting phase, the transmission power of the UAV, and the impact of the density of IoT nodes on the network performance are measured. Finally, the theoretical results are verified by simulation.
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表 1 系统参数
参数 数值 参数 数值 $ {P_{\text{t}}} $ 0.1～0.2 w $ {P_i} $ 1～2 mW $ \eta $ 0.56 H 20 m T 1 s ε –50 dB $ {\lambda _{\text{u}}} $ 10–4 /m2 $ {\lambda _{\text{I}}} $ 10–3 /m2 $ {\beta _{\text{a}}} $ 3 $ {\beta _{\text{b}}} $ 3 
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