Characteristic Analysis and Statistical Modeling of Millimeter Wave OAM Channel in Indoor Corridor Environment
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摘要: 针对自由空间传播模型仅能描述自由空间场景下携带轨道角动量(OAM)的涡旋信道传播特性，以及确定性稀疏多径涡旋信道模型严格依赖于传播环境而不能准确刻画真实多径场景下OAM信道传播特性的问题，该文提出毫米波OAM多径信道统计建模方法。在室内走廊环境下构建基于均匀圆形天线阵列(UCA)的OAM辐射传输系统，基于光学射线理论与UCA辐射特性，建立OAM多径信道模型。结果表明，在毫米波频段均匀分布和Nakagami-m分布能够准确地表征室内走廊多径环境下的OAM信道波前相位和幅度，视距(LoS)和非视距(NLoS)传播条件下传播距离较大时信道幅度服从瑞利分布，视距传播条件下传播距离较小时信道幅度服从莱斯分布。Abstract: Focusing on the problem that the free space propagation model could only describe the propagation characteristics of vortex channel carrying Orbital Angular Momentum (OAM) in free space scenario, and the deterministic sparse multipath vortex channel model is strictly dependent on the propagation environment and could not accurately describe the propagation characteristics of OAM channel in real multipath scenario, a statistical modeling method for millimeter wave OAM multipath channel is proposed in this paper. In indoor corridor environment, Uniform Circular Array (UCA)-based OAM radiation transmission system is constructed, and the OAM multipath channel model is established based on optical ray theory and UCA radiation characteristics. Results show that the wavefront phase and amplitude of OAM channel in indoor corridor multipath environment can be accurately characterized by uniform distribution and Nakagami-m distribution in millimeter bands. The channel amplitude follows Rayleigh distribution when the propagation distance is large under the Line-of-Sight (LoS) and Non-LoS (NLoS) propagation conditions, and that follows Rician distribution when the propagation distance is small under the LoS propagation conditions.
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表 1 仿真参数设置
参数 数值 工作频率 30 GHz 发射端UCA的阵元数量 8 发射端UCA的半径 0.02 m 发射端UCA中心距地面的距离 1.5 m 发射端UCA中心距天花板的距离 1.5 m 发射端UCA中心与墙1间的距离 1.2 m 发射端UCA中心与墙2间的距离 1.3 m 地面材料的反射系数 0.70 天花板材料的反射系数 0.91 墙壁材料的反射系数 0.75 
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表 2 最佳拟合参数w与拟合误差
传播距离(m) 模态数 直射径 3条路径 5条路径 1 l=1 w 12.46 12.24 12.23 RMSE 0.0050 0.0046 0.0047 l=2 w 12.32 12.42 12.59 RMSE 0.0047 0.0048 0.0045 0.4 l=1 w 12.43 12.25 12.67 RMSE 0.0039 0.0051 0.0045 l=2 w 12.56 12.38 12.33 RMSE 0.0042 0.0042 0.0044
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表 3 Nakagami-m分布拟合参数和拟合误差
传播
条件参数及误差 模态值 l=0 l=1 l=2 l=3 LoS m 0.864 0.823 1.006 0.904 c 2.649 2.205 2.275 2.448 $\sigma $ 7.426 3.393 2.754 2.246 RMSE 0.0103 0.0137 0.0094 0.0061 NLoS m 1.053 1.140 1.080 0.914 c 0.494 0.644 0.665 0.521 $\sigma $ 2.846 3.015 3.215 3.319 RMSE 0.0080 0.0108 0.0054 0.0130
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表 4 LoS传播条件Nakagami-m分布拟合参数和拟合误差
拟合参数 模态数l 0 1 2 3 m 8.703 1.894 1.725 1.534 c 1.843 2.224 2.118 4.396 $\sigma $ 12.247 15.811 19.102 22.624 RMSE 0.0105 0.0126 0.0139 0.0107
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