白盒SM4的分析与改进

张跃宇; 徐东; 陈杰

doi:10.11999/JEIT210556

白盒SM4的分析与改进

doi: 10.11999/JEIT210556

张跃宇¹,
徐东¹,
陈杰^{2, 3, ,}

1.
西安电子科技大学网络与信息安全学院西安 710071
2.
桂林电子科技大学广西密码学与信息安全重点实验室桂林 541004
3.
西安电子科技大学ISN国家重点实验室西安 710071

基金项目: 十三五密码发展基金(MMJJ20180219)，陕西省自然科学基础研究计划(2021JM-126)，广西密码学与信息安全重点实验室研究课题(GCIS202125)

详细信息

作者简介:
张跃宇：男，1978年生，副教授，研究方向为信息安全与网络安全

徐东：男，1997年生，硕士生，研究方向为白盒密码的安全性分析

陈杰：女，1979年生，副教授，研究方向为密码算法的设计与分析

通讯作者:
陈杰　jchen@mail.xidian.edu.cn

中图分类号: TN918.1
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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2021-06-10
- 修回日期: 2021-09-20
- 网络出版日期: 2021-09-29
- 刊出日期: 2022-08-17

Analysis and Improvement of White-box SM4 Implementation

ZHANG Yueyu¹,
XU Dong¹,
CHEN Jie^{2, 3
, ,}

1.
School of Cyber Engineering, Xidian University, Xi’an 710071, China
2.
Guangxi Key Laboratory of Cryptography and Information Security, Guilin 541004, China
3.
China State Key Laboratory of ISN, Xidian University, Xi’an 710071, China

Funds: The National Cryptography Development Fund of China (MMJJ20180219), The Natural Science Basic Research Program of Shaanxi Province (2021JM-126), Guangxi Key Laboratory of Cryptography and Information Security (GCIS202125)

摘要

摘要: 差分计算分析(DCA)是一种应用于白盒实现安全性分析的侧信道分析手段，其高效性在白盒高级数据加密标准(AES)的分析工作中已得到验证。该文针对白盒SM4方案提出一种类差分计算分析的自动化分析方法，该分析以白盒SM4方案中的查找表结果为分析对象，采用统计分析的方法提取密钥，称为中间值平均差分分析(IVMDA)。相比于已有的白盒SM4的分析方法，中间值平均差分分析所需要的条件更少，分析效率更高。在对白盒SM4方案进行成功分析后，该文提出一种软件对策以提高白盒SM4方案的安全性，该对策利用非线性部件对白盒方案中的中间状态进行混淆，消除中间状态与密钥之间的相关性。实验证明该对策可以有效抵抗中间值平均差分分析。
- 白盒实现 /
- SM4算法 /
- 差分计算分析 /
- 软件对策
Abstract: Differential Computational Analysis (DCA) is a side channel analysis method applied to white box security analysis. Its efficiency has been verified in the analysis of white-box Advanced Encryption Standard (AES). A new DCA-like attack is proposed named Intermediate-Values Mean Difference Analysis(IVMDA). The analysis takes the results of the lookup table in the white-box SM4 implementation as the analysis object, and uses the method of statistical analysis to extract the key. Compared with the existing white-box SM4 analysis method, the intermediate-values mean difference analysis requires fewer conditions, and the analysis efficiency is higher. After successfully analyzing the white-box SM4 implementation, a software countermeasure is proposed to improve its security. The software countermeasure uses nonlinear components to confuse the intermediate state in the white-box implementation and eliminate the correlation between the intermediate state and the key. The experimental results show that the countermeasure can effectively resist the intermediate-values mean difference analysis.
- White-box implementation /
- SM4 algorithm /
- Differential Computational Analysis(DCA) /
- Software countermeasure

HTML全文

图 1 肖-来白盒SM4的一轮计算过程

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图 2 肖-来白盒SM4的中间值平均差分分析结果

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图 3 包含混淆操作的查找表

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图 4 异或表与编码过程

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图 5 查找表与部分仿射编码的组合

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图 6 WBSM4-NC方案的中间值平均差分分析结果

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图 7 4bit版本的WBSM4-NC方案的中间值平均差分分析结果

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表 1 白盒实现方案的安全性对比

方案	BGE分析^[3]	林婷婷等人的分析^[17]	潘文伦等人的分析^[20]	IVMDA
肖-来白盒SM4^[16]	√	2⁴⁷	61200×2³²	×
8 bit-WBSM4-NC	√	√	√	√
白-武白盒SM4^[19]	√	–	61200×2¹²⁸	–
WSISE算法^[21]	√	2⁵¹	61200×2³²	–

下载: 导出CSV

表 2 白盒实现方案的内存效率对比

方案	空间大小(kB)	非线性部件长度(bit)	查找表个数	异或次数	线性/仿射变换个数
肖-来白盒SM4^[16]	148.625	–	128	192_{32 bit}	160
Luo-Lai-You白盒AES^[26]	28444	4	7776	–	–
8bit-WBSM4-NC	24848.5	8	640	192_{32 bit}	128
白-武白盒SM4^[19]	33280	–	640	640_{32 bit}	–
4bit-WBSM4-NC	208.5	4	1152	320_{32 bit}	128
WSISE算法^[21]	276.625	–	128	96_{32 bit}+96_{64 bit}	160

下载: 导出CSV

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