多任务协同优化学习高分辨SAR稀疏自聚焦成像算法

杨磊; 张苏; 黄博; 盖明慧; 李埔丞

doi:10.11999/JEIT200300

多任务协同优化学习高分辨SAR稀疏自聚焦成像算法

doi: 10.11999/JEIT200300

杨磊^1, ,,
张苏¹,
黄博²,
盖明慧¹,
李埔丞¹

1.
中国民航大学天津市智能信号与图像处理重点实验室天津 300300
2.
中国工程物理研究院电子工程研究所绵阳 621999

基金项目: 国家自然科学基金(61601470)，天津市自然科学基金(16JCYBJC41200)，预研基金(61406190101)

详细信息

作者简介:
杨磊：男，1984年生，副教授，研究方向为高分辨SAR成像及机器学习理论应用

张苏：女，1996年生，硕士生，研究方向为高分辨SAR成像及优化学习理论

黄博：男，1986年生，博士生，研究方向为雷达高度表系统及信号处理

盖明慧：女，1997年生，硕士生，研究方向为高分辨SAR成像及优化学习理论

李埔丞：男，1992年生，博士生，研究方向为高分辨SAR成像及优化学习理论

通讯作者:
杨　磊　yanglei840626@163.com

中图分类号: TN957.52
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- 被引次数: 16
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2020-04-24
- 修回日期: 2021-02-28
- 网络出版日期: 2021-03-22
- 刊出日期: 2021-09-16

Multi-task Learning of Sparse Autofocusing for High-Resolution SAR Imagery

1.
Tianjin Key Laboratory for Advanced Signal Processing, Civil Aviation University of China, Tianjin 300300, China
2.
Institute of Electronic Engineering, Chinese Academy of Engineering Physics, Mianyang 621999, China

Funds: The National Natural Science Foundation of China(61601470), The Natural Science Foundation of Tianjin, China (16JCYBJC41200), The Equipment Pre-research Fund(61406190101)

摘要

摘要: 针对传统高分辨合成孔径雷达(SAR)稀疏自聚焦成像算法难以有效平衡稀疏与聚焦特征的问题，该文提出一种基于交替方向多乘子方法(ADMM)的多任务协同优化学习稀疏自聚焦(MtL-SA)算法。该算法通过引入熵范数表征SAR成像结果聚焦特征，在ADMM优化框架下，利用近端算法求解聚焦特征解析解。针对原熵范数正则优化目标函数的非凸问题，该文合理设计代价函数，从而保证熵范数近端算子的闭合解析解。同时，应用 $\ell {_1}$ 范数表征成像结果稀疏特征，并建立面向复数SAR成像数据的复数软阈值近端算子。该文所提MtL-SA成像算法可实现对目标场景后向散射场对应稀疏特征和聚焦特征的解析求解，并有效提升自聚焦算法的可靠性和稳健性。两种特征增强处理相互调和，保证了算法运行过程中有效降低误差传播，进而保证联合特征增强精度。仿真及实测机载SAR成像数据实验，验证了算法的有效性和实用性，同时应用相变分析方法分别定量和定性地分析了该文所提算法相比其他传统算法的优越性。
- 合成孔径雷达 /
- 多任务学习 /
- 多特征增强 /
- 熵范数 /
- 近端算子
Abstract: As it is difficult to balance the sparse and focusing features for conventional sparse autofocusing algorithm of Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR), a Multi-task Learning Sparse Autofocusing (MtL-SA) algorithm is proposed under a novel Alternating Direction Method of Multipliers (ADMM) in this paper. The image entropy norm is introduced to model the focusing feature of the SAR imagery, and it is minimized in a regularized manner using the proximal algorithm. To overcome the non-convexity of the original objective function, a surrogate function under the ADMM framework is designed and optimized accordingly. This ensures closed-form solution of the errors and the focusing feature. Besides, the $\ell {_1}$ -norm is applied to denote the intended sparse feature of the SAR imagery, and a complex-valued proximity operator is derived for the range-compressed SAR data. Due to the cooperative framework, both the features can be solved and achieved with high robustness and acceptable accuracy. Compared with conventions, the computational efficiency improved twice orders in terms of CPU time. The proposed MtL-SA algorithm can realize the analytical solutions of the sparse and focusing features, so as to improve the robustness of the joint enhancement. Experiments using airborne simulated and raw SAR data are performed to verify the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm. Phase transition analysis is applied to examine the superiority of the proposed algorithm compared with the conventions in terms of both quantitative and qualitative.
- Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) /
- Multi-task learning /
- Multi-feature enhancement /
- Entropy norm /
- Proximity operator

HTML全文

图 1 SAR几何模型示意图

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 2 仿真实验结果

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 3 实测数据实验结果

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图 4 2维等高线对比图

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图 5 信噪比-降采样率相变热力图

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

表 1 MtL-SA算法流程

　步骤1 设定初值

${ {\boldsymbol{X} } }^{0}={ {\boldsymbol{Z} } }^{0}={ {\boldsymbol{D} } }^{0}={{{\textit{0}}} },\;k=0,\;G{=2}$ ，设定迭代停止准则，开始循环。

　步骤2 全局优化：

${\boldsymbol{X}}$ 更新运算

${ {\boldsymbol{X} }^{k + 1} } = \left[ { { {\boldsymbol{A} }^{\rm{H} } }{ {\boldsymbol{E} }^{\rm{H} } }{\boldsymbol{Y} } + {\rho _1}\left( { { {\boldsymbol{Z} }_1}^k + { {\boldsymbol{D} }_1}^k} \right) + {\rho _2}\left( { { {\boldsymbol{Z} }_2}^k + { {\boldsymbol{D} }_2}^k} \right)} \right] \cdot {\left( { { {\boldsymbol{A} }^{\rm{H} } }{\boldsymbol{A} } + \rho G{\boldsymbol{I} } } \right)^{ - 1} }\quad \quad \quad \quad$

　步骤3 局部优化：

${{\boldsymbol{Z}}_1}$ ,

${{\boldsymbol{D}}_1}$ ,

${{\boldsymbol{Z}}_2}$ 和

${{\boldsymbol{D}}_2}$ 顺次更新运算

${\rm{for }}\;\;g = G$

${\boldsymbol{Z} }_{\rm{1} }^{k + 1} = {\left( { { {\boldsymbol{E} }^{k + 1} } } \right)^{\rm{H} } }{ {\boldsymbol{A} }^{\rm{H} } }{\boldsymbol{Y} },\;{\boldsymbol{D} }_{\rm{1} }^{k + 1} = {\boldsymbol{D} }_{\rm{1} }^k - { {\boldsymbol{X} }^{k + 1} } + {\boldsymbol{Z} }_{\rm{1} }^{k + 1}\quad \quad \quad \quad \quad$

${\boldsymbol{Z} }_2^{k + 1} = {\rm{pro} }{ {\rm{x} }_{ { { {\lambda _2} } / \rho } } }\left[ { { {\boldsymbol{W} }^{k + 1} } } \right]{\rm{, } }{\boldsymbol{D} }_2^{k + 1} = {\boldsymbol{D} }_2^k - { {\boldsymbol{X} }^{k + 1} } + {\boldsymbol{Z} }_2^{k + 1}\quad \quad \quad \quad$

${\rm{end}}$

${{\boldsymbol{Z}}^{k + 1}} = \left[ {{\boldsymbol{Z}}_1^{k + 1}\;{\boldsymbol{Z}}_2^{k + 1}} \right],\;{{\boldsymbol{D}}^{k + 1}} = \left[ {{\boldsymbol{D}}_1^{k + 1}\;{\boldsymbol{D}}_2^{k + 1}} \right],\;k = k + 1$

　步骤4 当残差小于加性噪声方差时，跳至步骤5，迭代结束。否则，跳至步骤2。

　步骤5 输出联合稀疏聚焦特征增强后的图像数据

${\boldsymbol{X}}$ 。

下载: 导出CSV

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