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基于多元高斯混合模型的离线指纹数据库

秦宁宁 王超 杨乐 孙顺远

秦宁宁, 王超, 杨乐, 孙顺远. 基于多元高斯混合模型的离线指纹数据库[J]. 电子与信息学报, 2021, 43(6): 1772-1780. doi: 10.11999/JEIT200226
引用本文: 秦宁宁, 王超, 杨乐, 孙顺远. 基于多元高斯混合模型的离线指纹数据库[J]. 电子与信息学报, 2021, 43(6): 1772-1780. doi: 10.11999/JEIT200226
Ningning QIN, Chao WANG, Le YANG, Shunyuan SUN. Off Line Fingerprint Database Based on Multivariate Gaussian Mixture Model[J]. Journal of Electronics & Information Technology, 2021, 43(6): 1772-1780. doi: 10.11999/JEIT200226
Citation: Ningning QIN, Chao WANG, Le YANG, Shunyuan SUN. Off Line Fingerprint Database Based on Multivariate Gaussian Mixture Model[J]. Journal of Electronics & Information Technology, 2021, 43(6): 1772-1780. doi: 10.11999/JEIT200226

基于多元高斯混合模型的离线指纹数据库

doi: 10.11999/JEIT200226
基金项目: 国家自然科学基金 (61702228, 61803183),江苏省自然基金 (BK20170198, BK20180591),电磁频谱空间认知动态系统工信部重点实验室开放研究基金(KF20202104)
详细信息
    作者简介:

    秦宁宁:1980年生,教授,博士,研究方向无线传感器网络的研究

    王超:1995年生,硕士生,研究方向为室内定位

    杨乐:1979年生,副教授,研究方向为无线信号统计与应用

    孙顺远:1984年生,副教授,研究方向为无线传感网

    通讯作者:

    秦宁宁 ningning801108@163.com

  • 中图分类号: TN911.7; TP391

Off Line Fingerprint Database Based on Multivariate Gaussian Mixture Model

Funds: The National Natural Science Foundation of China (61702228, 61803183), The Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province (BK20170198, BK20180591), The Open Fund of Key Laboratory of Dynamic Cognitive System of Electromagnetic Spectrum Space of Ministry of Industry and Information Technology(KF20202104)
  • 摘要: 针对室内环境下单次采样测量值的波动变化及信号间的相互干扰,该文提出一种基于分区多元高斯混合模型(MVGMM)的室内定位系统。根据信号接入点(AP)铺设位置与空间结构,系统采用一对多支持向量机算法对目标区域做分区操作,以精确信号变化的区域范围。利用狭小分区内信号间的耦合关系,建立基于信号间相互干扰的多元高斯混合模型,以改善信号波动所造成的定位精度下降。当室内环境发生变化时,基于分区多元高斯混合模型的自适应更新算法可对各分区指纹数据的可信度做出判断,并以自适应算法更新信号波动较大分区的模型参数,提高模型与现有环境间的耦合程度。实验结果表明,该文算法可利用相对少量样本数据,构建稳定可维护的室内信号分布模型,相较于其他算法,其定位精度也有一定程度提高。
  • 图  1  实验场景图

    图  2  RSS指纹地图构建效果对比图

    图  3  分区1内AP3信号的拟合效果对比图

    图  4  目标运动的轨迹预测对比图

    图  5  轨迹估计误差箱型图

    图  6  误差累计函数对比图

    图  7  指纹库更新前后AP3数据拟合效果对比图

    表  1  MVGMM模型的参数估计

     输入:高斯组成元素数量${C_k}$,高斯组成元素的初始权值$\bar w_c^k$,初始均值${\bar{{\mu }}}_c^k$,初始协方差${\bar{{ P}}}_c^k$,分区${\varOmega _k}$内参考点位置${ {{x} }^k} = [{{x} }_1^k,{{x} }_2^k,···,{{x} }_{ {N_k} }^k]$
        与相应采样值${{{R}}^k} = [{{r}}_1^k,{{r}}_2^k,···,{{r}}_{{N_k}}^k]$, $c \in \{ 1,2,..,{C_k}\} $
     输出:高斯组成元素权值$w_c^k$,均值${{\mu }}_c^k$,协方差${{P}}_c^k$
     do
       $w_c^k \leftarrow \bar w_c^k$, ${{\mu }}_c^k \leftarrow {\bar{{\mu }}}_c^k$, ${{P}}_c^k \leftarrow {\bar{{ P}}}_c^k$
       E步:
       for $n \in \{ 1,2,···,{N_k}\} ,c \in \{ 1,2,..,{C_k}\} $
        计算$\gamma _{n,c}^k$            //基于式(5)
       end
       M步:
       for $c \in \{ 1,2,..,{C_k}\} $
        计算${w_c}$, ${{\mu }}_c^k$, ${{P}}_c^k$      //基于式(6)—式(8)
       end
     while ($(L({{\bar{{z}}}^k},{{\bar{{w}}}^k},{{\bar{{\mu }}}^k},{{\bar{{ P}}}^k}) - L({{{z}}^k},{{{w}}^k},{{{\mu }}^k},{{{P}}^k})) > 0$)
     $w_c^k \leftarrow \bar w_c^k$, ${{\mu }}_c^k \leftarrow {\bar{{\mu }}}_c^k$, ${{P}}_c^k \leftarrow {\bar{{ P}}}_c^k$
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  2  分区MVGMM模型的自适应更新算法

     输入:原始高斯组成元素数量${C_k}$,原始高斯组成元素的权值$\hat w_c^k$,均值${\hat{{\mu }}}_c^k$,协方差${\hat{{P}}}_c^k$,新增分区${\varOmega _\kappa }$内采样数据${{\hat{{z}}}^k} = [{\hat{{z}}}_1^k,{\hat{{z}}}_2^k,···,{\hat{{z}}}_{{N_k}}^k]$,
        $c \in \{ 1,2,···,{C_k}\} $
     输出:更新后高斯组成元素权值$w_c^k$,均值${{\mu }}_c^k$,协方差${{P}}_c^k$
     do
       $w_c^k \leftarrow \hat w_c^k$, ${{\mu }}_c^k \leftarrow {\hat{{\mu }}}_c^k$, ${{P}}_c^k \leftarrow {\hat{{P}}}_c^k$
       E步:
       for $n \in \{ 1,2,···,{N_k}\} ,c \in \{ 1,2,···,{C_k}\} $
        计算$\gamma _{n,c}^k$        //基于式(5)
       end
       for $c \in \{ 1,2,···,{C_k}\} $
        计算$n_c^k$, $E_c^k({{z}})$和$E_c^k({{{z}}^2})$  //基于式(6)—式(8)
        计算${\hat w_c}$, ${\hat{{\mu }}}_c^k$和${\hat{{P}}}_c^k$     //基于式(17)-式(19)
       end
     while( $(L({{\hat{{z}}}^k},{{\hat{{w}}}^k},{{\hat{{\mu }}}^k},{{\hat{{P}}}^k}) - L({{{z}}^k},{{{w}}^k},{{{\mu }}^k},{{{P}}^k})) > 0$)
     $w_c^k \leftarrow \hat w_c^k$,${{\mu }}_c^k \leftarrow {\hat{{\mu }}}_c^k$, ${{P}}_c^k \leftarrow {\hat{{P}}}_c^k$
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  3  分区判别精度(%)

    分区分区精度(预测正确/测试点)
    分区199.46(183/184)
    分区298.91(182/184)
    分区398.91(182/184)
    分区499.46(183/184)
    下载: 导出CSV
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出版历程
  • 收稿日期:  2020-03-31
  • 修回日期:  2020-08-24
  • 网络出版日期:  2020-09-03
  • 刊出日期:  2021-06-18

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