北斗三号基本系统空间信号质量评估

宿晨庚; 郭树人; 刘旭楠; 饶永南; 王萌

doi:10.11999/JEIT190683

北斗三号基本系统空间信号质量评估

doi: 10.11999/JEIT190683

宿晨庚^{1, 2, ,},
郭树人¹,
刘旭楠³,
饶永南⁴,
王萌⁴

1.
北京跟踪与通信技术研究所北京 100094
2.
国防科技大学电子科学学院长沙 410073
3.
自然资源部海洋减灾中心北京 100194
4.
中国科学院国家授时中心西安 710600

详细信息

作者简介:
宿晨庚：男，1988年生，助理研究员，研究方向为卫星导航信号设计与试验评估

郭树人：男，1972年生，研究员，研究方向为卫星导航总体设计

刘旭楠：女，1988年生，助理研究员，研究方向为卫星导航与遥感应用

饶永南：男，1983年生，副研究员，研究方向为卫星导航信号测试与评估

王萌：女，1993年生，博士生，研究方向为导航信号质量评估算法研究

通讯作者:
宿晨庚　sucg@beidou.gov.cn

中图分类号: TN967.1
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2019-09-04
- 修回日期: 2020-03-31
- 网络出版日期: 2020-05-12
- 刊出日期: 2020-11-16

Signal Quality Assessment of BDS-3 Preliminary System

1.
Beijing Institute of Tracking and Telecommunication Technology, Beijing 100094, China
2.
College of Electronic Science, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410073, China
3.
National Marine Hazard Mitigation Service, Beijing 100194, China
4.
National Timing Service Center, China Academy of Sciences, Xi’an 710600, China

摘要

摘要: 全球卫星导航系统(GNSS)空间信号(SIS)质量直接影响了用户使用性能。北斗三号卫星不同于北斗二号卫星，将继续播发北斗二号老信号，同时新增播发B1C, B2a等新信号，多频多信号多分量的信号体制较北斗二号更为复杂，对导航卫星信号质量控制提出了较大挑战。2018年底北斗系统完成了18颗卫星组网，完成北斗三号基本系统建设并开始提供全球服务，有必要对北斗三号在轨卫星空间信号质量进行量化评估。传统空间信号质量评估方法侧重于单项的定性评估，而针对北斗三号复杂的信号体制，缺乏系统的、定量的分析结果。该文对标北斗系统接口控制文件(ICD)，从功率特性、频域特性、时域特性、相关域特性和信号一致性等方面研究了不同参数配置对评估结果的影响，形成了一套面向新型调制方式和多频多分量复用信号的量化评估方法。基于40 m大口径天线的空间信号质量评估系统，对18颗MEO卫星进行了长时间监测跟踪和数据采集，首次对北斗三号卫星空间信号质量进行了全面量化评估。结果表明：北斗三号卫星空间信号质量良好，18颗MEO卫星一致性较好，符合ICD指标要求，可满足服务区内用户需求；评估方法可用于对后续导航卫星空间信号质量的量化评估。
- 北斗三号 /
- 全球卫星导航系统 /
- 空间信号质量 /
- 性能评估
Abstract: The Signal-In-Space (SIS) quality affects directly the user performance of Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS). Unlike BDS-2, the BDS-3 satellites not only broadcast old signals, but also broadcast new signals such as B1C and B2a at the same time. The signal structure of BDS-3 with multi-frequency, multi-signal and multi-component is more complex than BDS-2, which is a great challenge to signal quality control of BDS-3 satellites. By the end of 2018, 18 BDS-3 satellites were successfully launched and the BDS-3 preliminary system is completed to provide global services. It is necessary to evaluate the signal quality of BDS-3. Traditional signal quality assessment methods focus on the qualitative assessment of a single item, but lacks systematic and quantitative analysis results for the complex signal structure of BDS-3. Based on the Interface Control Document (ICD) of BDS, this paper studies the influence of different parameter configurations on the evaluation results from the aspects of power characteristics, frequency characteristics, time characteristics, correlation characteristics and signal consistency, and forms a set of quantitative evaluation methods for new modulations and multi-frequency, multi-component signals. Based on the signal quality assessment system with 40-meter aperture antenna, 18 MEO satellites of BDS-3 preliminary system were monitored, and the signal quality of BDS-3 satellites were comprehensively and quantitatively evaluated for the first time. The results show that, signal qualities of BDS-3 satellites are good, and the 18 MEOs have a good consistency, which can meet the requirements of ICD and GNSS users. The evaluation methods can be also used to quantitatively evaluate the signal quality of other satellites.
- BDS-3 /
- Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) /
- Signal quality /
- Performance assessment

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图 1 评估内容

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图 2 不同带宽滤波后的S曲线偏差变化

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图 3 QMBOC自相关函数

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图 4 QMBOC信号S曲线

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图 5 数字畸变分析示意图

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图 6 B1C信号功率谱

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图 7 B2a信号功率谱

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图 8 北斗三号卫星B1频段地面接收功率

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图 9 B1Cd S曲线过零点偏差

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图 10 B1Cp S曲线过零点偏差

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图 11 B1C时域波形图

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图 12 B2a时域波形图

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表 1 北斗三号MEO卫星已公开信号格式

频带	信号分量	中心频率(MHz)	调制方式
B1	B1I	1561.098	BPSK(2)
B1	B1C	1575.42	QMBOC(6, 1, 1/11)
B2	B2a	1176.45	QPSK(10)
B3	B3I	1268.52	BPSK(10)

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表 2 合成功率谱偏差均值(dB)

信号	M1	M2	M3	M4	M5	M6	M7	M8	M9
B1C	–0.2607	–0.2052	–0.2055	–0.1863	–0.2502	–0.1209	–0.0700	–0.0572	–0.3877
B2a	0.2578	0.3046	0.3912	0.0886	0.4154	0.4034	0.2321	0.3359	0.2825

信号	M10	M11	M12	M13	M14	M15	M16	M17	M18
B1C	–0.2323	–0.4660	–0.1585	–0.0055	–0.1714	–0.3182	–0.1586	–0.0923	–0.1014
B2a	0.3229	0.4614	0.3818	0.4357	0.3222	0.2351	0.1408	0.2956	0.2135

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表 3 地面接收功率电平(dBW)

信号	M1	M2	M3	M4	M5	M6	M7	M8	M9
B1C	–155.305	–154.415	–155.156	–155.620	–155.423	–154.715	–155.581	–155.570	–154.734
B2a	–151.629	–151.563	–151.872	–153.208	–152.554	–151.776	–152.154	–152.317	–151.440

信号	M10	M11	M12	M13	M14	M15	M16	M17	M18
B1C	–154.750	–155.363	–155.324	–154.974	–154.951	–156.105	–155.029	–156.162	–155.5577
B2a	–151.353	–152.373	–152.183	–151.097	–151.748	–153.673	–152.034	–153.691	–152.0471

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表 4 地面接收功率统计值(dBW)

信号	B1C	B2a
均值	–154.38	–152.15
标准差	0.47	0.74

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表 5 信号各支路功率比

信号分量	M1	M2	M3	M4	M5	M6	M7	M8	M9
B1Cp/B1Cd	2.707	2.838	2.794	2.701	2.769	2.796	2.755	2.731	2.660
B2ap/B2ad	0.997	0.998	0.991	0.998	0.995	0.994	0.999	0.999	1.000

信号分量	M10	M11	M12	M13	M14	M15	M16	M17	M18
B1Cp/B1Cd	2.657	2.604	2.680	2.733	2.834	2.566	2.752	2.697	2.918
B2ap/B2ad	0.997	0.999	1.000	0.994	0.998	0.997	0.997	1.000	1.002

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表 6 相关损耗分析结果(dB)

信号分量	M1	M2	M3	M4	M5	M6	M7	M8	M9
B1Cp	–0.381	–0.491	–0.441	–0.373	–0.444	–0.415	–0.050	–0.202	–0.165
B1Cd	–0.051	–0.159	–0.097	–0.025	–0.071	–0.123	0.141	0.044	0.182
B1C	–0.296	–0.405	–0.352	–0.283	–0.348	–0.340	–0.001	–0.139	–0.076
B2ad	0.056	0.039	0.021	0.051	0.055	0.054	0.060	0.042	0.053
B2ap	0.055	0.039	0.019	0.051	0.058	0.055	0.061	0.047	0.055
B2a	0.055	0.039	0.020	0.051	0.113	0.056	0.06	0.044	0.054

信号分量	M10	M11	M12	M13	M14	M15	M16	M17	M18
B1Cp	–0.203	–0.345	–0.306	–0.444	–0.555	–0.317	–0.251	–0.241	–0.095
B1Cd	0.143	0.115	0.014	0.024	–0.030	0.205	–0.032	0.030	0.204
B1C	–0.114	–0.227	–0.224	–0.323	–0.42	–0.183	–0.195	–0.171	–0.018
B2ad	0.052	0.023	0.055	0.056	0.053	0.060	0.055	0.032	0.038
B2ap	0.053	0.025	0.056	0.058	0.051	0.059	0.056	0.033	0.038
B2a	0.052	0.024	0.055	0.057	0.052	0.059	0.055	0.032	0.038

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表 7 相关损耗统计结果(dB)

信号分量	B1Cp	B1Cd	B1C	B2ad	B2ap	B2a
均值	–0.32	0.03	–0.23	0.05	0.05	0.05
标准差	0.14	0.11	0.13	0.01	0.01	0.02

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表 8 S曲线偏差分析结果(ns)

信号分量	B1Cd	B1Cpa	B1Cp¹	B1Cp²	B2ad	B2ap
M1	0.005	0.006	0.164	0.138	0.158	0.167
M2	0.148	0.132	0.107	0.142	0.069	0.074
M3	0.117	0.067	0.019	0.075	0.097	0.128
M4	0.052	0.007	0.056	0.021	0.080	0.080
M5	0.111	0.060	0.273	0.186	0.076	0.174
M6	0.053	0.012	0.083	0.097	0.090	0.084
M7	0.140	0.148	0.073	0.070	0.078	0.075
M8	0.052	0.11	0.122	0.112	0.029	0.024
M9	0.005	0.062	0.134	0.100	0.188	0.182
M10	0.126	0.120	0.138	0.064	0.128	0.049
M11	0.111	0.168	0.036	0.029	0.026	0.027
M12	0.053	0.005	0.138	0.113	0.044	0.134
M13	0.050	0.046	0.277	0.183	0.119	0.128
M14	0.096	0.051	0.164	0.083	0.065	0.075
M15	0.167	0.156	0.177	0.092	0.135	0.142
M16	0.037	0.025	0.269	0.166	0.151	0.143
M17	0.007	0.066	0.247	0.164	0.129	0.126
M18	0.073	0.011	0.148	0.132	0.103	0.088

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表 9 S曲线偏差统计结果

信号分量	B1Cd	B1Cpa	B1Cp¹	B1Cp²	B2ad	B2ap
均值	0.08	0.07	0.15	0.10	0.10	0.10
标准差	0.05	0.05	0.08	0.05	0.04	0.05

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表 10 正/负码片与理想码片长度偏差均值和最大值(ns)

信号分量	B1Cp		B1Cd		B2ap		B2ad
信号分量	均值	最大值	均值	最大值	均值	最大值	均值	最大值
M1	0.101	3.381	0.117	3.277	0.024	2.714	–0.027	2.576
M2	0.055	3.612	0.016	3.390	–0.013	2.607	–0.033	2.676
M3	0.192	3.412	0.012	2.773	0.031	3.276	–0.032	3.092
M4	0.085	3.540	0.054	2.914	0.006	2.301	–0.023	2.113
M5	0.048	3.396	0.141	3.568	–0.001	2.282	0.053	2.256
M6	0.107	3.359	0.045	2.805	0.032	2.330	0.058	2.416
M7	0.018	3.399	0.055	3.492	0.012	2.145	–0.069	2.116
M8	0.081	3.284	0.022	2.927	0.015	2.939	–0.035	3.096
M9	0.112	3.394	0.206	2.668	0.054	2.244	–0.008	2.367
M10	0.101	3.435	0.167	2.801	0.062	2.246	0.013	2.407
M11	0.164	3.415	0.300	3.338	0.061	2.448	–0.036	2.274
M12	0.055	3.568	0.139	2.597	0.069	2.467	–0.084	2.340
M13	0.159	3.436	0.109	3.212	0.021	2.255	–0.048	2.336
M14	0.018	3.333	0.011	2.746	0.128	2.663	0.041	2.415
M15	0.188	3.672	0.049	3.080	–0.041	2.727	0.027	2.795
M16	0.095	3.331	0.010	2.702	–0.036	2.678	0.002	2.680
M17	0.173	2.681	0.008	2.783	0.031	2.292	0.036	2.474
M18	0.169	3.542	0.075	2.897	0.055	2.486	0.085	2.273

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表 11 信号一致性测试结果(ns)

信号分量	B1Cd-B1Cp		B2ad-B2ap
信号分量	均值	标准差	均值	标准差
M1	2.26×10^–4	0.076	9.9×10^–6	0.013
M2	6.90×10^–5	0.070	3.70×10^–5	0.012
M3	2.03×10^–4	0.079	6.74×10^–5	0.015
M4	3.14×10^–4	0.076	3.65×10^–5	0.016
M5	5.40×10^–5	0.071	1.43×10^–7	0.014
M6	2.09×10^–4	0.083	1.25×10^–5	0.013
M7	5.30×10^–5	0.089	1.82×10^–6	0.013
M8	1.16×10^–4	0.082	1.62×10^–5	0.014
M9	2.60×10^–4	0.098	9.06×10^–5	0.013
M10	5.20×10^–5	0.098	7.99×10^–6	0.013
M11	1.30×10^–5	0.085	8.59×10^–5	0.013
M12	8.20×10^–5	0.072	8.64×10^–5	0.015
M13	1.15×10^–4	0.081	5.67×10^–5	0.012
M14	1.37×10^–4	0.083	3.77×10^–5	0.013
M15	1.98×10^–4	0.098	7.98×10^–5	0.018
M16	7.70×10^–5	0.090	1.77×10^–5	0.014
M17	1.93×10^–4	0.076	3.67×10^–6	0.013
M18	4.08×10^–4	0.070	2.44×10^–5	0.012

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