WSN Timer Resolution Adjustment Based on UKF Approach
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摘要:
在无线传感器网络(WSN)节点的无线电关闭期间，用以维护系统时钟的硬件定时器中断请求(IRQ)是微控制单元(MCU)能耗的重要来源，此时中断频率对WSN节点总能耗影响较大。该文提出一种基于无迹卡尔曼滤波(UKF)估计的时钟分辨率优化方法，根据协议的时间特性来切换中断高低频率。在休眠期间切换到低分辨率，需要唤醒时先通过UKF获得高分辨率计时开始时间的最优估计，再通过分辨率渐变的定时器中断的线性组合来进入高分辨率计时。对Tmote平台的ContikiMAC协议进行的仿真实验中，在无线电占空比(RDC)为0.53%的情况下，所提方法比原始协议总能耗下降28.85%。
Abstract:During the radio-off periods of Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) node, the timer Interrupt ReQuest (IRQ) which used to maintain the system clock become an important energy consumption source of Micro Controller Unit (MCU), thus the IRQ frequency has a great influence on WSN node total energy consumption. A timer resolution adjustment method based on Unscented Kalman Filter (UKF) approach is proposed, which switches high and low IRQ frequencies according to the characteristics of the protocol. Being at a low frequency during sleep period, if a node needs to switch to wake-up period, it will first obtain the optimal estimation of the start time of high resolution timing period by UKF, then enter the high resolution timing period after a linear combination of a group of gradual-changing resolution timer IRQ. The simulations of ContikiMAC protocol on the Tmote platform are conducted. When the Radio Duty Cycle (RDC) is 0.53%, the proposed method reduces the total power consumption by 28.85% compared to the original protocol.
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表 1 不同中断频率时，Tmote-sky的MCU在待机状态的流耗
定时器IRQ频率(Hz) 时钟分辨率(ms) MCU流耗(μA) 1024 1 130 512 2 68 128 8 22 16 64 8 1 1000 6 
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表 2 实验参数
实验 HR频率(Hz) LR频率(Hz) 唤醒次数n 发包间隔(s) RDC(%) 不同低分辨率 1024 4, 8, 16, 32, 64, 128, 256 2 4 – 不同唤醒次数 1024 32 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12 4 – 不同发包间隔 1024 16 1 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16 – 不同RDC 1024 16 – – 0.53, 1.07, 2.14, 4.27, 8.55
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