A Novel Bussgang Category of Blind Equalization with Exponential Expanded Multi-modulus Algorithm

A novel Bussgang category of blind equalization with Exponential Expanded Multi-Modulus Algorithm (EEMMA) is proposed. Comparing with those traditional Bussgang blind equalization algorithms, the proposed one can decrease further the steady-state error. This paper analyses the new cost function, and error function effects on the performance of the algorithm, and analyses the complexity of the novel algorithm. Meantime, a calculation approach of constellation characteristic constant R using graphing method is presented. An approximate calculation method of constellation characteristic constant R is shown to reduce the dependence on the information of high order statistics. The approximate calculation method of R makes the proposed algorithm does not rely on any priori knowledge of constellations. Finally, using dense square and non-square QAM systems, simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of this new algorithm.