A Reversible Fragile Video Watermarking for H.264/AVC

Combining with the new features of the H.264/AVC video coding standard, a new reversible fragile video watermarking algorithm is proposed. The hash value of quantized Discrete Cosine Transform (DCT) coefficients of predictive residue blocks is performed with the proposed algorithm in current macroblock, and the authentication code is created. Then, the authentication code, as watermark is embedded into the last nonzero quantized DCT coefficient in the most active44 block of the next adjacent macroblock. The integrality authentication is carried out in the decoding end by the comparison of the authentication code with the extracted watermark information. The experimental results show that the proposed algorithm has little impact on the video quality and bit-rate, moreover, the original video can be recovered if the authentication is successful and the tampered area of I frame can effectively be located if the authentication fail.