Intelligent UAVs for Advanced Air Mobility: A Review of the Technology Framework and Future Prospects

QIAN Zhihong; WANG Yijun

doi:10.11999/JEIT251246

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QIAN Zhihong, WANG Yijun. Intelligent UAVs for Advanced Air Mobility: A Review of the Technology Framework and Future Prospects[J]. Journal of Electronics & Information Technology. doi: 10.11999/JEIT251246

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QIAN Zhihong, WANG Yijun. Intelligent UAVs for Advanced Air Mobility: A Review of the Technology Framework and Future Prospects[J]. Journal of Electronics & Information Technology. doi: 10.11999/JEIT251246

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Intelligent UAVs for Advanced Air Mobility: A Review of the Technology Framework and Future Prospects

doi: 10.11999/JEIT251246 cstr: 32379.14.JEIT251246

QIAN Zhihong¹,
WANG Yijun^{2
,
,}

1.
School of Communication Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
2.
School of Electronic & Information Engineering, Changchun University of Science and Technology, Changchun 130022, China

Funds: The National Natural Science Foundation of China (61771219), Jilin Provincial Natural Science Foundation (20250102227JC).

Accepted Date: 2025-12-22
Rev Recd Date: 2025-12-22

Available Online: 2026-01-02

Abstract

Abstract

Significance The deep integration of new quality productive forces and the digital economy has catalyzed the low-altitude economy into a pivotal new engine for global economic growth. Operating within airspace typically below 3000 meters, this novel industrial system encompasses applications from UAV logistics and Urban Air Mobility (UAM) to industrial inspection and public safety. Intelligent Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAV), characterized by their cost-effectiveness, scalability, and autonomy, serve as the core enabler in this ecosystem. They are driving a paradigm shift in aviation from traditional, centralized models towards distributed, intelligent, and service-oriented aerial utilization. The strategic significance of UAVs extends to fostering industrial transformation, enhancing urban infrastructure, safeguarding national airspace security, and stimulating regional economic growth. Consequently, a systematic review and construction of the intelligent UAV technology framework is essential to guide future research, address critical challenges, and unlock the full potential of this transformative sector.Progress This paper systematically constructs a holistic technology framework for intelligent UAV, structured from foundational to application layers. The framework integrates four interconnected domains. Intelligent Perception and Navigation focus on robust operation in complex settings, utilizing tight-coupled multi-sensor fusion and advanced state estimation algorithms like visual-inertial odometry, augmented by multi-source adaptive positioning in GNSS-denied environments. Wireless Communication Networks prioritize reliable BVLOS links through cellular network integration, self-organizing FANETs with intelligent topology control, and UAV-enhanced edge computing for optimized resource allocation. Autonomous Decision-Making and Cooperative Control has evolved from classical methods to learning-based approaches, with Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning enabling sophisticated swarm behaviors and dynamic task execution. Finally, Low-Altitude Security and Airspace Management establishes essential infrastructure through integrated detection and countermeasure systems, complemented by UAV Cloud and UTM platforms for coordinated airspace operations.Conclusions The review conclusively demonstrates the evolution of UAV from isolated platforms to networked, intelligent nodes within a broader low-altitude economy system. Despite significant progress across all technological domains, substantial challenges persist. Key technical bottlenecks include ensuring communication reliability in unique low-altitude channels, overcoming perception limitations in complex and deceptive environments, achieving resilient autonomous collaboration under uncertainty, and breaking through the inherent constraints of current energy and power systems. These are compounded by significant non-technical hurdles, including the development of adaptive regulatory and airspace integration frameworks, viable business models for mass-scale applications, and achieving broad public acceptance. The analysis affirms that overcoming these barriers necessitates the deep fusion of enabling technologies. A "challenge-driven → technology fusion → system construction → feedback iteration" closed-loop evolution paradigm is proposed, which aptly captures the intrinsic, recursive logic of technological advancement in this field and provides a valuable framework for guiding future academic and industrial efforts.Prospects Looking ahead, the development of intelligent UAV technology is poised to focus on several highly synergistic frontiers. The evolution towards Intelligent Holistic Communication will see the creation of a proactive "data field" through the deep integration of air-ground-space networks and Integrated Sensing and Communication (ISAC), enabling predictive resource allocation and robust connectivity. Cognitive Swarm Intelligence will transform UAV swarms into collaborative cognitive entities by integrating large language models for task understanding and Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning for decentralized, adaptive decision-making, allowing for emergent intelligent behaviors. The critical issue of High-Assurance Autonomous Security will be addressed through rigorous formal verification of AI models, explainable AI for transparent decision-making, and the extensive use of digital twins for virtual testing and certification, building the trust required for widespread deployment. Finally, a focus on Green Sustainable Technologies will permeate the entire lifecycle, driving innovations in high-energy-density power sources like solid-state and hydrogen fuel cells, the adoption of eco-friendly materials, and AI-optimized operations for minimal energy consumption and noise impact, ensuring the long-term viability and social harmony of the low-altitude economy.
- Advanced Air Mobility,
- Intelligent UAV,
- Technology System,
- Closed-Loop Evolution Paradigm

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