High-precision Direction Finding Based on Time Modulation Array with Single Radio Frequency Channel and Composite Baselines

LIN Yulong; WANG Wuji; WU Junwei; CHENG Qiang

doi:10.11999/JEIT231137

Article Contents

Article Navigation > Journal of Electronics & Information Technology > 2022 >

LIN Yulong, WANG Wuji, WU Junwei, CHENG Qiang. High-precision Direction Finding Based on Time Modulation Array with Single Radio Frequency Channel and Composite Baselines[J]. Journal of Electronics & Information Technology. doi: 10.11999/JEIT231137

Citation:

LIN Yulong, WANG Wuji, WU Junwei, CHENG Qiang. High-precision Direction Finding Based on Time Modulation Array with Single Radio Frequency Channel and Composite Baselines[J]. Journal of Electronics & Information Technology. doi: 10.11999/JEIT231137

Citation:

LIN Yulong, WANG Wuji, WU Junwei, CHENG Qiang. High-precision Direction Finding Based on Time Modulation Array with Single Radio Frequency Channel and Composite Baselines[J]. Journal of Electronics & Information Technology. doi: 10.11999/JEIT231137

PDF( 4094 KB)

High-precision Direction Finding Based on Time Modulation Array with Single Radio Frequency Channel and Composite Baselines

doi: 10.11999/JEIT231137

LIN Yulong^{1, 2},
WANG Wuji^{1, 2},
WU Junwei^{1, 2, 3, 4
,
,},
CHENG Qiang^{1, 2}

1.
Institute of Electromagnetic Space, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
2.
State Key Laboratory of Millimeter Waves, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
3.
Peng Cheng Laboratory, Shenzhen 518055, China
4.
Pazhou Laboratory (Huangpu), Guangzhou 510555, China

Funds: The National Key Research and Development Program of China (2021YFA1401002), The National Natural Science Foundation of China (62171124, 62288101, 62225108), Major Key Project of Peng Cheng Laboratory (PCL2023AS1-2)

Received Date: 2023-10-18
Rev Recd Date: 2024-02-13

Available Online: 2024-03-06

Abstract

Abstract

With the rapid developments of positioning systems, high-precision and low-cost direction-finding technologies are urgently needed. The hardware complexity and economic cost of traditional direction-finding methods have hindered their wide applications. Recently, direction finding based on Time-Modulated Arrays (TMAs) has overcome the shortcomings of traditional direction-finding methods. Nevertheless, to ensure measurement accuracy, one has to keep an adequate number of array elements in common TMAs. Consequently, a question arises, i.e., is it possible to reduce the number of array elements in TMAs, thus making the hardware complexity as low as possible? A novel direction-finding method based on the TMA with a single radio frequency channel and composite baselines is proposed in this paper. In the method, four antennas are meticulously arranged at specific intervals to form double-long baselines, and accurate and low-cost direction finding is realized with the ingenious usage of field programmable gate array and single receiving channel. To verify the effectiveness of the method, a prototype system in the S band is designed, fabricated, and measured. Detailed comparisons with the existing methods are provided. The work will benefit the development and application of high-precision and low-cost direction-finding systems.
- Direction finding,
- Spectrum harmonic analysis,
- Time-modulated array,
- Antenna array

FullText(HTML)

References(20)

References

[1]	PAN Cunhua, REN Hong, WANG Kezhi, et al. Reconfigurable intelligent surfaces for 6G systems: Principles, applications, and research directions[J]. IEEE Communications Magazine, 2021, 59(6): 14–20. doi: 10.1109/MCOM.001.2001076.
[2]	YUAN Jie, LIANG Yingchang, JOUNG Jingon, et al. Intelligent reflecting surface-assisted cognitive radio system[J]. IEEE Transactions on Communications, 2021, 69(1): 675–687. doi: 10.1109/TCOMM.2020.3033006.
[3]	LI Sixian, DUO Bin, YUAN Xiaojun, et al. Reconfigurable intelligent surface assisted UAV communication: Joint trajectory design and passive beamforming[J]. IEEE Wireless Communications Letters, 2020, 9(5): 716–720. doi: 10.1109/LWC.2020.2966705.
[4]	AI Yun, DEFIGUEIREDO F A P, KONG Long, et al. Secure vehicular communications through reconfigurable intelligent surfaces[J]. IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology, 2021, 70(7): 7272–7276. doi: 10.1109/TVT.2021.3088441.
[5]	AL-HILO A, SAMIR M, ELHATTAB M, et al. Reconfigurable intelligent surface enabled vehicular communication: Joint user scheduling and passive beamforming[J]. IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology, 2022, 71(3): 2333–2345. doi: 10.1109/TVT.2022.3141935.
[6]	BASAR E, DI RENZO M, DE ROSNY J, et al. Wireless communications through reconfigurable intelligent surfaces[J]. IEEE Access, 2019, 7: 116753–116773. doi: 10.1109/ACCESS.2019.2935192.
[7]	BURTNYK N, MCLEISH C W, and WOLFE J. Interferometer direction finder for the H. F. band[J]. Proceedings of the Institution of Electrical Engineers, 1963, 110(7): 1165–1170. doi: 10.1049/piee.1963.0162.
[8]	WATT R A W and HERD J F. An instantaneous direct-reading radiogoniometer[J]. Journal of the Institution of Electrical Engineers, 1926, 64(353): 611–617. doi: 10.1049/jiee-1.1926.0051.
[9]	KRIM H and VIBERG M. Two decades of array signal processing research: The parametric approach[J]. IEEE Signal Processing Magazine, 1996, 13(4): 67–94. doi: 10.1109/79.526899.
[10]	SCHMIDT R. Multiple emitter location and signal parameter estimation[J]. IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, 1986, 34(3): 276–280. doi: 10.1109/TAP.1986.1143830.
[11]	RAO B D and HARI K V S. Performance analysis of root-music[J]. IEEE Transactions on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing, 1989, 37(12): 1939–1949. doi: 10.1109/29.45540.
[12]	ROY R and KAILATH T. ESPRIT-estimation of signal parameters via rotational invariance techniques[J]. IEEE Transactions on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing, 1989, 37(7): 984–995. doi: 10.1109/29.32276.
[13]	SHANKS H E and BICKMORE R W. Four-dimensional electromagnetic radiators[J]. Canadian Journal of Physics, 1959, 37(3): 263–275. doi: 10.1139/p59-031.
[14]	FONDEVILA J, BRÉGAINS J C, ARES F, et al. Application of time modulation in the synthesis of sum and difference patterns by using linear arrays[J]. Microwave and Optical Technology Letters, 2006, 48(5): 829–832. doi: 10.1002/mop.21489.
[15]	XIA Dexiao, WANG Xin, HAN Jiaqi, et al. Accurate 2-D DOA estimation based on active metasurface with nonuniformly periodic time modulation[J]. IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques, 2023, 71(8): 3424–3435. doi: 10.1109/TMTT.2022.3222322.
[16]	ZHOU Qunyan, WU Junwei, WANG Siran, et al. Two-dimensional direction-of-arrival estimation based on time-domain-coding digital metasurface[J]. Applied Physics Letters, 2022, 121(18): 181702. doi: 10.1063/5.0124291.
[17]	HE Chong, CAO Anjie, CHEN Jingfeng, et al. Direction finding by time-modulated linear array[J]. IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, 2018, 66(7): 3642–3652. doi: 10.1109/TAP.2018.2835164.
[18]	HE Chong, CHEN Jingfeng, LIANG Xianling, et al. High-accuracy DOA estimation based on time-modulated array with long and short baselines[J]. IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters, 2018, 17(8): 1391–1395. doi: 10.1109/LAWP.2018.2846805.
[19]	JACOBS E and RALSTON E W. Ambiguity resolution in interferometry[J]. IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic Systems, 1981, AES-17(6): 766–780. doi: 10.1109/TAES.1981.309127.
[20]	TANG Wankai, CHEN Mingzheng, CHEN Xiangyu, et al. Wireless communications with reconfigurable intelligent surface: Path loss modeling and experimental measurement[J]. IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications, 2021, 20(1): 421–439. doi: 10.1109/TWC.2020.3024887.