Advanced Search
Volume 45 Issue 8
Aug.  2023
Turn off MathJax
Article Contents
CUI Yibo, TANG Rendong, XING Dajun, WANG Juan, LI Shangsheng. Visual Optical Flow Computing: Algorithms and Applications[J]. Journal of Electronics & Information Technology, 2023, 45(8): 2710-2721. doi: 10.11999/JEIT221418
Citation: CUI Yibo, TANG Rendong, XING Dajun, WANG Juan, LI Shangsheng. Visual Optical Flow Computing: Algorithms and Applications[J]. Journal of Electronics & Information Technology, 2023, 45(8): 2710-2721. doi: 10.11999/JEIT221418

Visual Optical Flow Computing: Algorithms and Applications

doi: 10.11999/JEIT221418
  • Received Date: 2022-11-10
  • Rev Recd Date: 2023-04-11
  • Available Online: 2023-04-24
  • Publish Date: 2023-08-21
  • Visual optical flow calculation is an important technique for computer vision to move from processing 2D images to processing 3D videos, and is the main way of describing visual motion information. The optical flow calculation technique has been developed for a long time. With the rapid development of related technologies, especially deep learning technology in recent years, the performance of optical flow calculation has been greatly improved. However, there are still many limitations that have not been solved. Accurate, fast, and robust optical flow calculation is still a challenging research field and a hot topic in the industry. As a low-level visual information processing technology, the implementation of related high-level visual tasks will also be contributed by the technological advances of optical flow calculation. In this paper, the development path of optical flow calculation based on computer vision is mainly introduced. The important theories, methods, and models generated during the technological development process from the two mainstream technology paths of classical algorithms and deep learning algorithms are summarized, the core ideas of various methods and models are being introduced and the various datasets and performance indicators are explained, the main application scenarios of optical flow calculation technology are briefly introduced, and the future technical directions are also prospected.
  • loading
  • [1]
    HORN B and SCHUNCK B G. Determining optical flow[C]. SPIE 0281, Techniques and Applications of Image Understanding, Washington, USA, 1981.
    [2]
    LUCAS B D and KANADE T. An iterative image registration technique with an application to stereo vision[C]. The 7th International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence, Vancouver, Canada, 1981: 674–679.
    [3]
    BOUGUET J Y. Pyramidal implementation of the lucas kanade feature tracker. Intel Corporation, Microprocessor Research Labs, 1999.
    [4]
    BERTSEKAS D P. Constrained Optimization and Lagrange Multiplier Methods[M]. Boston: Academic Press, 1982: 724.
    [5]
    SONG Xiaojing. A Kalman filter-integrated optical flow method for velocity sensing of mobile robots[J]. Journal of Intelligent & Robotic Systems, 2014, 77(1): 13–26.
    [6]
    DOSOVITSKIY A, FISCHER P, ILG E, et al. FlowNet: Learning optical flow with convolutional networks[C]. 2015 IEEE International Conference on Computer Vision (ICCV), Santiago, Chile, 2015: 2758–2766.
    [7]
    XU Jia, RANFTL R, and KOLTUN V. Accurate optical flow via direct cost volume processing[C]. 2017 IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR), Honolulu, USA, 2017: 5807–5815.
    [8]
    CHEN Qifeng and KOLTUN V. Full flow: Optical flow estimation by global optimization over regular grids[C]. 2016 IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR), Las Vegas, USA, 2016: 4706–4714.
    [9]
    ILG E, MAYER N, SAIKIA T, et al. FlowNet 2.0: Evolution of optical flow estimation with deep networks[C]. 2017 IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR), Honolulu, USA, 2017: 1647–1655.
    [10]
    SUN Deqing, YANG Xiaodong, LIU Mingyu, et al. PWC-Net: CNNs for optical flow using pyramid, warping, and cost volume[C]. 2018 IEEE/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, Salt Lake City, USA, 2018: 8934–8943.
    [11]
    HUI T W, TANG Xiaoou, and LOY C C. LiteFlowNet: A lightweight convolutional neural network for optical flow estimation[C]. 2018 IEEE/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, Salt Lake City, USA, 2018: 8981–8989.
    [12]
    HUR J and ROTH S. Iterative residual refinement for joint optical flow and occlusion estimation[C]. 2019 IEEE/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR), Long Beach, USA, 2019: 5747–5756.
    [13]
    TEED Z and DENG Jia. RAFT: Recurrent all-pairs field transforms for optical flow[C]. 16th European Conference on Computer Vision, Glasgow, UK, 2020: 402–419.
    [14]
    REVAUD J, WEINZAEPFEL P, HARCHAOUI Z, et al. EpicFlow: Edge-preserving interpolation of correspondences for optical flow[C]. 2015 IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, Boston, USA, 2015: 1164–1172.
    [15]
    GADOT D and WOLF L. PatchBatch: A batch augmented loss for optical flow[C]. 2016 IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR), Las Vegas, USA, 2016: 4236–4245.
    [16]
    THEWLIS J, ZHENG Shuai, TORR P H S, et al. Fully-trainable deep matching[C]. Proceedings of the British Machine Vision Conference 2016, York, UK, 2016.
    [17]
    WANNENWETSCH A S and ROTH S. Probabilistic pixel-adaptive refinement networks[C]. 2020 IEEE/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR), Seattle, USA, 2020: 11639–11648.
    [18]
    XU Haofei, ZHANG Jing, CAI Jianfei, et al. GMFlow: Learning optical flow via global matching[C]. 2022 IEEE/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR), New Orleans, USA, 2022: 8111–8120.
    [19]
    JIANG Shihao, CAMPBELL D, LU Yao, et al. Learning to estimate hidden motions with global motion aggregation[C]. 2021 IEEE/CVF International Conference on Computer Vision (ICCV), Montreal, Canada, 2021: 9752–9761.
    [20]
    JIANG Shihao, LU Yao, LI Hongdong, et al. Learning optical flow from a few matches[C]. 2021 IEEE/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR), Nashville, USA, 2021: 16587–16595.
    [21]
    LUO Ao, YANG Fan, LUO Kunming, et al. Learning optical flow with adaptive graph reasoning[C]. Thirty-Sixth AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence, Vancouver Canada, 2021.
    [22]
    ZHAO Shiyu, ZHAO Long, ZHANG Zhixing, et al. Global matching with overlapping attention for optical flow estimation[C]. 2022 IEEE/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR), New Orleans, USA, 2022: 17571–17580.
    [23]
    LONG Gucan, KNEIP L, ALVAREZ J M, et al. Learning image matching by simply watching video[C]. 14th European Conference on Computer Vision, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, 2016: 434–450.
    [24]
    YU J J, HARLEY A W, and DERPANIS K G. Back to basics: Unsupervised learning of optical flow via brightness constancy and motion smoothness[C]. European Conference on Computer Vision, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, 2016: 3–10.
    [25]
    MEISTER S, HUR J, and ROTH S. UnFlow: Unsupervised learning of optical flow with a bidirectional census loss[C]. Thirty-Sixth AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence, New Orleans, USA, 2018.
    [26]
    LIU Pengpeng, KING I, LYU M R, et al. DDFlow: Learning optical flow with unlabeled data distillation[C]. Thirty-Sixth AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence, Honolulu, USA, 2019: 8770–8777.
    [27]
    LIU Pengpeng, LYU M, KING I, et al. SelFlow: Self-supervised learning of optical flow[C]. 2019 IEEE/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR), Long Beach, USA, 2019: 4566–4575.
    [28]
    JONSCHKOWSKI R, STONE A, BARRON J T, et al. What matters in unsupervised optical flow[C]. 16th European Conference on Computer Vision, Glasgow, UK, 2020: 557–572.
    [29]
    LUO Kunming, WANG Chuan, LIU Shuaicheng, et al. UPFlow: Upsampling pyramid for unsupervised optical flow learning[C]. 2021 IEEE/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR), Nashville, USA, 2021: 1045–1054.
    [30]
    STONE A, MAURER D, AYVACI A, et al. SMURF: Self-teaching multi-frame unsupervised RAFT with full-image warping[C]. 2021 IEEE/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR), Nashville, USA, 2021: 3886–3895.
    [31]
    WANG Yang, YANG Yi, YANG Zhenheng, et al. Occlusion aware unsupervised learning of optical flow[C]. 2018 IEEE/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, Salt Lake City, USA, 2018: 4884–4893.
    [32]
    SHIBA S, AOKI Y, and GALLEGO G. Secrets of event-based optical flow[C]. 17th European Conference on Computer Vision, Tel Aviv, Israel, 2022.
    [33]
    LAI Weisheng, HUANG Jiabin, and YANG M H. Semi-supervised learning for optical flow with generative adversarial networks[C]. The 31st International Conference on Neural Information Processing Systems, Long Beach, USA, 2018: 892–896.
    [34]
    GEIGER A, LENZ P, and URTASUN R. Are we ready for autonomous driving? The KITTI vision benchmark suite[C]. 2012 IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, Providence, USA, 2012: 3354–3361.
    [35]
    KENNEDY R and TAYLOR C J. Optical flow with geometric occlusion estimation and fusion of multiple frames[C]. The 10th International Workshop on Energy Minimization Methods in Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, Hong Kong, China, 2015: 364–377.
    [36]
    BUTLER D J, WULFF J, STANLEY G B, et al. A naturalistic open source movie for optical flow evaluation[C]. The 12th European Conference on Computer Vision, Florence, Italy, 2012: 611–625.
    [37]
    MAYER N, ILG E, HÄUSSER P, et al. A large dataset to train convolutional networks for disparity, optical flow, and scene flow estimation[C]. The 2016 IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR), Las Vegas, USA, 2016: 4040–4048.
    [38]
    SCHRÖDER G, SENST T, BOCHINSKI E, et al. Optical flow dataset and benchmark for visual crowd analysis[C]. 2018 15th IEEE International Conference on Advanced Video and Signal Based Surveillance (AVSS), Auckland, New Zealand, 2018: 1–6.
    [39]
    KONDERMANN D, NAIR R, HONAUER K, et al. The HCI benchmark suite: Stereo and flow ground truth with uncertainties for urban autonomous driving[C]. 2016 IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition Workshops (CVPRW), Las Vegas, USA, 2016: 19–28.
    [40]
    SUN Deqing, VLASIC D, HERRMANN C, et al. AutoFlow: Learning a better training set for optical flow[C]. 2021 IEEE/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR), Nashville, USA, 2021: 10088–10097.
    [41]
    SUN Tao, SEGU M, POSTELS J, et al. SHIFT: A synthetic driving dataset for continuous multi-task domain adaptation[C]. 2022 IEEE/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR), New Orleans, USA, 2022: 21339–21350.
    [42]
    KALAL Z, MIKOLAJCZYK K, and MATAS J. Tracking-learning-detection[J]. IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence, 2012, 34(7): 1409–1422. doi: 10.1109/TPAMI.2011.239
    [43]
    YE Weicai, YU Xingyuan, LAN Xinyue, et al. DeFlowSLAM: Self-supervised scene motion decomposition for dynamic dense SLAM[EB/OL]. https://arxiv.org/abs/2207.08794, 2022.
    [44]
    SANES J R and MASLAND R H. The types of retinal ganglion cells: Current status and implications for neuronal classification[J]. Annual Review of Neuroscience, 2015, 38(1): 221–246. doi: 10.1146/annurev-neuro-071714-034120
    [45]
    GALLETTI C and FATTORI P. The dorsal visual stream revisited: Stable circuits or dynamic pathways?[J]. Cortex, 2018, 98: 203–217. doi: 10.1016/j.cortex.2017.01.009
    [46]
    WEI Wei. Neural mechanisms of motion processing in the mammalian retina[J]. Annual Review of Vision Science, 2018, 4: 165–192. doi: 10.1146/annurev-vision-091517-034048
    [47]
    ROSSI L F, HARRIS K D, and CARANDINI M. Spatial connectivity matches direction selectivity in visual cortex[J]. Nature, 2020, 588(7839): 648–652. doi: 10.1038/s41586-020-2894-4
  • 加载中

Catalog

    通讯作者: 陈斌, bchen63@163.com
    • 1. 

      沈阳化工大学材料科学与工程学院 沈阳 110142

    1. 本站搜索
    2. 百度学术搜索
    3. 万方数据库搜索
    4. CNKI搜索

    Figures(4)  / Tables(4)

    Article Metrics

    Article views (756) PDF downloads(209) Cited by()
    Proportional views
    Related

    /

    DownLoad:  Full-Size Img  PowerPoint
    Return
    Return