An Overlapping Coalition Game-Driven Anti-Jamming Satellite Selection Method for LEO Integrated Communication and Navigation

ZHANG Bohan; LIU Aijun; PAN Kegang; LIN Xin; GAO Zhixiang

doi:10.11999/JEIT261132

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ZHANG Bohan, LIU Aijun, PAN Kegang, LIN Xin, GAO Zhixiang. An Overlapping Coalition Game-Driven Anti-Jamming Satellite Selection Method for LEO Integrated Communication and Navigation[J]. Journal of Electronics & Information Technology. doi: 10.11999/JEIT261132

Citation:

ZHANG Bohan, LIU Aijun, PAN Kegang, LIN Xin, GAO Zhixiang. An Overlapping Coalition Game-Driven Anti-Jamming Satellite Selection Method for LEO Integrated Communication and Navigation[J]. Journal of Electronics & Information Technology. doi: 10.11999/JEIT261132

Citation:

ZHANG Bohan, LIU Aijun, PAN Kegang, LIN Xin, GAO Zhixiang. An Overlapping Coalition Game-Driven Anti-Jamming Satellite Selection Method for LEO Integrated Communication and Navigation[J]. Journal of Electronics & Information Technology. doi: 10.11999/JEIT261132

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An Overlapping Coalition Game-Driven Anti-Jamming Satellite Selection Method for LEO Integrated Communication and Navigation

doi: 10.11999/JEIT261132 cstr: 32379.14.JEIT261132

ZHANG Bohan^1
,,
LIU Aijun¹,
PAN Kegang^{1
,
,},
LIN Xin¹,
GAO Zhixiang^{2, 3}

1.
College of Communications Engineering, Army Engineering University of PLA, Nanjing 210007, China
2.
Information Support Force Engineering University of PLA, Wuhan 430035, China
3.
Unit 61905, Shenyang 110058, China

Funds: The National Natural Science Foundation of China (62471477, 62471490, 62601880), Youth Independent Innovation Fund Project of Army Engineering University (KYTYXXQTXX26001), Key Project of Basic Research in Jiangsu Province (BK20253014)

Received Date: 2026-08-17
Accepted Date: 2026-10-16
Rev Recd Date: 2026-09-27

Available Online: 2026-10-23

Abstract

Abstract

Objective Low Earth orbit (LEO) integrated communication and navigation (ICAN) networks can provide simultaneous communication and positioning services through shared satellite resources. In regions subject to directional jamming, however, interference affects satellite-ground links unevenly. A reduction in signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR) lowers the achievable communication rate and increases pseudorange measurement uncertainty, thereby degrading positioning accuracy. This coupling is particularly consequential for mission-critical users, who require simultaneous access to multiple satellites for communication redundancy and navigation. Satellite selection is further complicated by competition for low-interference satellites with favorable observation geometry, as each satellite has limited capacity to serve multiple users. Existing approaches based on link quality, geometric dilution of precision (GDOP), or joint communication-navigation utility do not fully account for the combined effects of directional interference, observation degradation, and shared-resource constraints. Moreover, conventional nonoverlapping coalition models cannot adequately represent users participating in multiple satellite service relationships. To address these issues, this paper proposes an anti-jamming satellite selection method based on an overlapping coalition formation game (OCFG). The objective is to reconstruct satellite associations in response to interference while balancing communication performance and positioning accuracy and accounting for competition for satellite resources. Methods A snapshot-based LEO-ICAN model is developed for mission-critical ground users in a localized region exposed to directional jamming. Satellite geometry and interference conditions are treated as fixed within each scheduling interval, while binary association variables describe multisatellite access under per-satellite service-capacity limits. The interference model accounts for the directional coverage of the jammer and satellite-ground channel conditions to determine link SINR and jamming-to-noise ratio (JNR). Communication performance is measured by the sum of bandwidth-normalized rates over selected links. For navigation, SINR-dependent pseudorange error variances determine the observation weights used to evaluate weighted geometric dilution of precision (WGDOP) and positioning root-mean-square error (RMSE). The model thus captures the coupled effects of jamming on link throughput and navigation observation quality while retaining the influence of satellite geometry. A joint satellite selection problem is formulated to maximize normalized communication benefits while penalizing positioning error, jamming exposure, and satellite coalition load. Feasible associations must satisfy visibility, the prescribed number of satellites per user, satellite service capacity, minimum link SINR, and maximum positioning-error requirements. The selection problem is then modeled as an OCFG, in which each satellite and its served users form a coalition and users may belong to multiple coalitions. The joint objective serves as the system potential function, with user payoffs defined by their marginal contributions. A jamming-aware reconfiguration algorithm (Algorithm 1) employs feasible single-satellite replacements guided by local potential gains. Each candidate switch is evaluated based on changes in the utilities of affected users and the loads of the outgoing and incoming satellite coalitions. Only switches with strictly positive potential gains are accepted, and the candidate with the largest gain is preferred. At each scheduling interval, the algorithm updates link and positioning metrics and repairs infeasible associations inherited from the preceding interval. Initial selection involves all users, whereas post-jamming reconstruction focuses on users meeting the SINR, JNR, or positioning-error trigger conditions. Iteration terminates when no improving switch remains or the prescribed iteration limit is reached. The marginal-contribution payoff definition yields an exact potential game because each unilateral payoff change equals the corresponding change in system potential. As the feasible strategy space is finite and each accepted switch strictly increases this potential, the switching process converges in finitely many steps to an exchange-stable coalition structure if continued until no improving move remains. During event-triggered reconstruction, stability applies only to the affected-user search set. Local replacement evaluation also avoids exhaustive enumeration of complete satellite subsets. Simulations are performed using Satellite Tool Kit (STK) and MATLAB with a 792-satellite Walker constellation and eight ground users. Jammer power ranges from 0 to 1000 W, with four to six selected satellites per user and service capacities of two to four users per satellite. The comparison methods comprise an integrated communication-navigation coalition formation game (ICAN-CFG) baseline, a joint SINR-GDOP heuristic, a maximum tetrahedral-volume method, and a non-reconfiguration strategy. Apart from representative snapshots and convergence plots, results are averaged over 5000 independent Monte Carlo trials. Results and Discussions The representative jammed snapshot shows that the proposed OCFG method replaces heavily interfered links with lower-interference links to visible satellites while maintaining favorable navigation geometry (Fig. 3). The potential-gain switching criterion achieves a higher system utility at convergence than self-interested and Pareto-constrained switching rules (Fig. 4), indicating the benefit of accounting for shared-resource competition while retaining sufficient switching flexibility. As jammer transmit power increases, the user-average bandwidth-normalized sum rate decreases and positioning RMSE increases for all evaluated methods. Nevertheless, the proposed method consistently achieves the highest communication rate and lowest positioning RMSE, with its communication advantage becoming more pronounced under strong interference (Fig. 5). These improvements reflect its joint consideration of communication link quality, interference-dependent navigation observations, and satellite sharing constraints. Satellite service capacity also influences reconstruction performance. Increasing the maximum number of users served per satellite from two to three improves both communication and positioning performance, whereas further increasing it to four yields diminishing benefits (Fig. 6). Increasing the number of selected satellites generally improves communication performance, but does not necessarily produce a corresponding improvement in positioning accuracy because the latter also depends on observation geometry, link quality, and resource competition (Fig. 7). These results demonstrate the importance of coordinating interference avoidance and satellite resource sharing in joint communication-navigation selection. Conclusions This paper develops an OCFG-based anti-jamming satellite selection method for multiuser LEO-ICAN networks under directional jamming. By incorporating interference-dependent communication and navigation performance together with satellite-load penalties, the proposed method enables association reconstruction through local potential-gain switching. The finite exact potential-game formulation establishes the convergence of strictly improving switching sequences to an exchange-stable coalition structure. Simulation results demonstrate improved communication rates and positioning accuracy compared with the evaluated baselines. Future work will investigate robust satellite reconstruction under time-varying interference, user mobility, and delayed state information.

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References(27)

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