Secrecy Performance Analysis of Multi-tag Bistatic Backscatter Communication Systems With Outdated CSI and Link Correlation

LIU Yingting; TANG Yong; LI Xingwang

doi:10.11999/JEIT260823

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LIU Yingting, TANG Yong, LI Xingwang. Secrecy Performance Analysis of Multi-tag Bistatic Backscatter Communication Systems With Outdated CSI and Link Correlation[J]. Journal of Electronics & Information Technology. doi: 10.11999/JEIT260823

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LIU Yingting, TANG Yong, LI Xingwang. Secrecy Performance Analysis of Multi-tag Bistatic Backscatter Communication Systems With Outdated CSI and Link Correlation[J]. Journal of Electronics & Information Technology. doi: 10.11999/JEIT260823

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Secrecy Performance Analysis of Multi-tag Bistatic Backscatter Communication Systems With Outdated CSI and Link Correlation

doi: 10.11999/JEIT260823 cstr: 32379.14.JEIT260823

1.
School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Lanzhou Jiaotong University, Lanzhou 730070, China
2.
School of Physics and Electronic Information Engineering, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo 454003, China

Funds: The National Natural Science Foundation of China (62561037, 62571182), The Key Project of Gansu Provincial Natural Science Foundation (26JRRA058), The Youth Doctoral Support Project of Gansu Provincial Department of Education (2024QB-045), Henan Provincial Natural Science Foundation (252300421510)

Received Date: 2026-06-22
Accepted Date: 2026-07-29
Rev Recd Date: 2026-07-20

Available Online: 2026-08-08

Abstract

Abstract

Objective Due to feedback delay, the Channel State Information (CSI) used during tag selection may become outdated before data transmission, causing a mismatch between the selected tag and the tag with the largest backscatter-link channel gain during transmission. Most existing studies of outdated CSI assume independent and identically distributed (i.i.d.) channels, which may not adequately reflect the heterogeneous characteristics of practical links caused by different propagation distances. In addition, when the eavesdropper is close to the destination, the legitimate and eavesdropping links may experience correlated fading. Neglecting these factors may cause theoretical results to deviate from actual system performance. Accordingly, under independent and non-identically distributed (i.n.i.d.) channel conditions, the secrecy performance of a multi-tag Bistatic Backscatter Communication (BBC) system is studied under the joint effects of outdated CSI and correlation between the legitimate and eavesdropping links. Methods Candidate tags are ranked according to their backscatter-link channel gains, and the tag with the largest backscatter-link channel gain is selected for transmission. An outdated CSI model is introduced to characterize the mismatch between the CSI used during tag selection and the CSI during data transmission. Because tag selection depends only on the backscatter-link CSI, CSI aging is modeled only for this link. A correlated Rayleigh fading model is used to characterize the statistical dependence between the legitimate and eavesdropping links. Under i.n.i.d. Rayleigh fading, order statistics are used to derive the Probability Density Function (PDF) of the selected tag’s outdated backscatter-link channel gain, whereas the joint PDF of the legitimate- and eavesdropping-link channel gains is derived by incorporating their correlated fading relationship. Based on these results, closed-form and high-transmit-power asymptotic expressions for the Secrecy Outage Probability (SOP) are derived. The secrecy performance is further analyzed in terms of the legitimate-to-eavesdropping channel-gain ratio. Results and Discussions Monte Carlo simulations validate the analytical and asymptotic results. The results show that outdated CSI significantly degrades secrecy performance because feedback delay causes the CSI used during tag selection to differ from the CSI during transmission, so the selected tag may no longer provide the largest backscatter-link channel gain. For a fixed legitimate-to-eavesdropping channel-gain ratio, a secrecy outage floor emerges at high transmit power (Fig. 2), indicating that increasing transmit power alone cannot eliminate this performance bottleneck. In contrast, increasing the legitimate-to-eavesdropping channel-gain ratio effectively mitigates the outage floor and yields a secrecy diversity order of 1 with respect to this ratio (Fig. 4). Under the considered system model, correlation between the legitimate and eavesdropping links also improves secrecy performance (Fig. 3) by reducing the probability that the legitimate link experiences severe fading while the eavesdropping link remains strong. Moreover, despite outdated CSI, the proposed tag selection scheme based on backscatter-link channel-gain ranking remains effective and consistently outperforms random tag selection (Fig. 3). Conclusions A secrecy-performance analysis framework is developed for multi-tag BBC systems with outdated CSI and correlated legitimate and eavesdropping links. Closed-form SOP and high-transmit-power asymptotic expressions characterize the effects of outdated CSI, link correlation, and the legitimate-to-eavesdropping channel-gain ratio. The results identify outdated CSI as a major source of secrecy degradation and indicate that low-latency feedback is beneficial. Increasing the legitimate-link gain advantage over the eavesdropping link and selecting tags according to backscatter-link channel-gain ranking effectively improve secrecy performance.
- Correlated fading,
- Outdated channel state information,
- Backscatter Communication(BackCom),
- Secrecy Outage Probability (SOP)

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References(23)

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