Interference Analysis and Iterative Signal Detection for ODDM Systems with Non-Ideal Pulse Shaping

HUA Jingyu; SHAO Menglin; WEN Jiangang; ZOU Yuanping; SHENG Bin

doi:10.11999/JEIT260771

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HUA Jingyu, SHAO Menglin, WEN Jiangang, ZOU Yuanping, SHENG Bin. Interference Analysis and Iterative Signal Detection for ODDM Systems with Non-Ideal Pulse Shaping[J]. Journal of Electronics & Information Technology. doi: 10.11999/JEIT260771

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HUA Jingyu, SHAO Menglin, WEN Jiangang, ZOU Yuanping, SHENG Bin. Interference Analysis and Iterative Signal Detection for ODDM Systems with Non-Ideal Pulse Shaping[J]. Journal of Electronics & Information Technology. doi: 10.11999/JEIT260771

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Interference Analysis and Iterative Signal Detection for ODDM Systems with Non-Ideal Pulse Shaping

doi: 10.11999/JEIT260771 cstr: 32379.14.JEIT260771

1.
School of Information & Electronic Engineering, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou 310018, China
2.
National Mobile Communications Research Laboratory, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China

Funds: The National Science Foundation of China (62271445)

Received Date: 2026-06-09
Accepted Date: 2026-10-16
Rev Recd Date: 2026-10-16

Available Online: 2026-10-23

Abstract

Abstract

Objective Orthogonal Delay-Doppler Division Multiplexing (ODDM) is a delay-Doppler (DD) domain multicarrier modulation scheme that transmits information symbols according to the resolution of the DD plane. By exploiting orthogonal pulses in the DD domain, ODDM achieves a structured input-output relationship and a sparse equivalent channel representation in high-mobility wireless communication scenarios. However, the orthogonality of ODDM typically relies on the ideal Nyquist property of the pulse shaping filter. In practical systems, finite-length pulses cannot strictly satisfy this condition, and their non-ideal Nyquist characteristics introduce additional energy leakage. In the presence of carrier frequency offset (CFO), this energy leakage further couples with inter-carrier interference to form residual interference. If such residual interference is neglected in receiver design, the detector operates based on a mismatched equivalent channel model, resulting in degraded symbol detection performance. To address this issue, this paper investigates the interference characteristics of ODDM systems with non-ideal pulse shaping under CFO, and proposes an iterative detection algorithm to compensate for the performance loss caused by neglecting residual interference under the ideal Nyquist assumption. Methods First, a DD-domain equivalent interference model is established for ODDM systems with non-ideal pulse shaping under CFO, characterizing the residual interference that is neglected under the ideal Nyquist pulse assumption. Second, based on the structure of the derived DD-domain interference matrix, the equivalent interference is decomposed into a nominal interference component captured by the ideal pulse model and a residual interference component introduced by non-ideal pulse shaping. Building on this decomposition, a linear residual interference cancellation (LRC) detection algorithm is designed to suppress residual interference through a small number of iterations, thereby compensating for the performance loss incurred by neglecting such interference. Finally, the accuracy of the adopted interference model based on practical pulses and the effectiveness of the proposed detection algorithm are validated through Signal-to-Interference-plus-Noise Ratio (SINR) and Symbol Error Rate (SER) simulations. Results and Discussions A comprehensive evaluation of the non-ideal pulse interference modeling framework and the proposed LRC detection algorithm is conducted in this paper. Simulation results demonstrate that the SINR computed by the non-ideal pulse interference model maintains consistently closer agreement with Monte Carlo simulations, with a deviation of no more than 0.05 dB, whereas the ideal Nyquist pulse model overestimates SINR by up to 0.7 dB across the simulated SNR range (Fig. 3). This discrepancy is particularly pronounced at low residual CFO and high SNR. In terms of detection performance, the Message Passing (MP) detector commonly used under the ideal pulse assumption exhibits an increasing performance gap from the MMSE detector based on the full interference model as the normalized CFO increases. At an SNR of 19 dB, the SER ratio between MP and the full-model MMSE detector rises from approximately 2.2 at zero CFO to approximately 24.5 when the normalized CFO is 0.1, whereas the proposed LRC detector remains close to the full-model MMSE detector, with its SER staying within about 1.5 times that of the full-model MMSE detector under the same conditions (Fig. 5). This confirms that model mismatch incurs non-negligible performance degradation. The proposed LRC detection algorithm effectively compensates for this performance loss and closely approaches the detection performance of the full-model MMSE detector with as few as 2 iterations across all tested CFO values. Consistent conclusions are further corroborated by results obtained under 16QAM, 64QAM, and 256QAM modulations (Fig. 6): as the modulation order increases, the performance gap between the MP detector and the full-model MMSE detector widens, whereas LRC maintains close approximation to the full-model MMSE across different modulation orders. Furthermore, under doubly selective channels, LRC still achieves SER performance close to that of the full-model MMSE detector and outperforms MP detection (Fig. 7). When imperfect channel state information (CSI) is further considered, the SERs of all three detection methods increase as the channel estimation SNR decreases. Among them, the performance degradation of LRC and the full-model MMSE is relatively limited, and their detection results remain close to each other, whereas MP is more significantly affected by channel estimation errors. These results further demonstrate that the proposed method exhibits good robustness and broad applicability in interference-limited systems with non-ideal pulse shaping. Conclusions This paper investigates the interference analysis and signal detection problem in ODDM systems with non-ideal pulse shaping under CFO. Based on the characterization of the equivalent interference structure in the delay-Doppler domain under the joint effect of non-ideal pulse shaping and CFO, a linear residual interference cancellation detection algorithm is proposed. The algorithm compensates for the residual interference neglected under the ideal Nyquist pulse assumption, thereby recovering the associated performance loss. Simulation results demonstrate that the adopted non-ideal pulse interference model more accurately characterizes the system interference behavior. Based on this model, the proposed LRC detection algorithm effectively compensates for the performance loss caused by model mismatch, achieving close approximation to the detection performance of the full-model MMSE detector while maintaining lower computational complexity.
- Orthogonal Delay-Doppler Division Multiplexing,
- Interference Analysis,
- Signal Detection

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References(21)

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