Queue Stability Constrained Robust Secure Beamforming for Low-Altitude UAV-ISAC Systems

OUYANG Jian; REN Wei; XU Ba; LIU Xiaoyu; JIANG Wanmu

doi:10.11999/JEIT260275

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OUYANG Jian, REN Wei, XU Ba, LIU Xiaoyu, JIANG Wanmu. Queue Stability Constrained Robust Secure Beamforming for Low-Altitude UAV-ISAC Systems[J]. Journal of Electronics & Information Technology. doi: 10.11999/JEIT260275

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OUYANG Jian, REN Wei, XU Ba, LIU Xiaoyu, JIANG Wanmu. Queue Stability Constrained Robust Secure Beamforming for Low-Altitude UAV-ISAC Systems[J]. Journal of Electronics & Information Technology. doi: 10.11999/JEIT260275

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Queue Stability Constrained Robust Secure Beamforming for Low-Altitude UAV-ISAC Systems

doi: 10.11999/JEIT260275 cstr: 32379.14.JEIT260275

OUYANG Jian^{1, 2
,
,},
REN Wei¹,
XU Ba³,
LIU Xiaoyu¹,
JIANG Wanmu¹

1.
School of Communication and Information Engineering, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing 210003, China
2.
Key Laboratory of Intelligent Support Technology for Complex Environments, Ministry of Education, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
3.
Sixty-third Research Institute, National University of Defense Technology, Nanjing 210007, China

Funds: The Key Laboratory of Intelligent Support Technology for Complex Environments, Ministry of Education, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology (B3202501), The Natural Science Foundation of the Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions of China (25KJD510011), The Natural Science Research Start up Foundation of Recruiting Talents of Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications (NY224068)

Received Date: 2026-03-16
Accepted Date: 2026-06-24
Rev Recd Date: 2026-06-24

Available Online: 2026-07-04

Abstract

Abstract

Objective To address the challenges of antenna array angle errors caused by UAV jitter, transmission instability induced by random data arrivals, and secure transmission guarantee in multi-eavesdropper scenarios for low-altitude UAV-ISAC systems, this paper proposes a robust secure beamforming algorithm based on queue stability constraints. The proposed algorithms aims to minimize long-term transmit power consumption while maintaining data queue stability while enhancing beamforming robustness against UAV jitter. Methods To guarantee the stability of the wireless transmission in UAV-ISAC systems, this paper formulates an optimization problem aimed at minimizing the long-term average transmit power, subject to constraints on data queue stability, secure communication rate, sensing performance, and maximum transmit power. Since this long-term optimization problem is intractable, the Lyapunov optimization framework is employed to transform it into a sequence of short-term subproblems. To handle the antenna array angle errors caused by UAV jitter within each short slot, we jointly adopt the second-order Taylor series expansion and the S-Procedure method to approximate the short-term subproblem into a convex form. Consequently, a robust secure beamforming algorithm based on penalty successive convex approximation optimization is proposed. Results and Discussions Simulation results demonstrate the impact of the number of antennas, secrecy rate threshold, beam gain threshold, UAV jitter error, and Lyapunov weight factor on the system transmit power. As illustrated by the beam gain pattern in Fig. 3, the communication beamformer facilitates cooperative sensing toward the sensing area, while the sensing beamformer enhances system security by directing interference toward potential eavesdroppers. This validates the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm in simultaneously improving sensing and secure communication performance. Furthermore, leveraging the dual-function characteristics of the communication and sensing beamformers, the proposed integrated sensing and communication scheme achieves significantly higher resource utilization efficiency than the communication-only and sensing-only schemes, as shown in Fig. 5. Additionally, Fig. 6 indicates that, compared with the non-robust scheme, the proposed robust scheme strictly satisfies security requirements under various angle errors. Finally, Fig. 8 shows that the proposed queue-aware scheme can effectively suppress the transmit power fluctuations caused by random data arrivals, exhibiting superior stability compared to the queue-free baseline. Conclusions This paper investigates a robust secure beamforming method for UAV-ISAC systems subject to queue stability constraints. First, based on the Lyapunov optimization framework, the long-term stochastic optimization problem is transformed into a sequence of short-term subproblems. Second, to address the issue of UAV jitter, the second-order Taylor series expansion and the S-Procedure method are jointly employed to approximate the non-convex constraints into tractable convex forms. Finally, a robust secure BF optimization algorithm based on penalty successive convex approximation is proposed to efficiently solve the deterministic short-term subproblems. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed scheme can effectively tackle the challenges posed by random data arrivals, UAV jitter, and eavesdropping threats, thereby ensuring the stability and security of downlink data transmission in low-altitude UAV-ISAC systems.
- UAV,
- ISAC,
- Queue stability,
- Lyapunov optimization,
- Robust secure beamforming

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References(20)

References

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