Genetic-Algorithm-Optimized All-Metal Metasurface for Cross-Band Stealth via Low-cost CNC Fabrication

ZHANG Ming; ZHANG Najiao; LI Jialei; LI Kang; MELIKYAN MELIKYAN; YANG Lin; HOU Weimin

doi:10.11999/JEIT251080

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ZHANG Ming, ZHANG Najiao, LI Jialei, LI Kang, MELIKYAN MELIKYAN, YANG Lin, HOU Weimin. Genetic-Algorithm-Optimized All-Metal Metasurface for Cross-Band Stealth via Low-cost CNC Fabrication[J]. Journal of Electronics & Information Technology. doi: 10.11999/JEIT251080

Citation:

ZHANG Ming, ZHANG Najiao, LI Jialei, LI Kang, MELIKYAN MELIKYAN, YANG Lin, HOU Weimin. Genetic-Algorithm-Optimized All-Metal Metasurface for Cross-Band Stealth via Low-cost CNC Fabrication[J]. Journal of Electronics & Information Technology. doi: 10.11999/JEIT251080

Citation:

ZHANG Ming, ZHANG Najiao, LI Jialei, LI Kang, MELIKYAN MELIKYAN, YANG Lin, HOU Weimin. Genetic-Algorithm-Optimized All-Metal Metasurface for Cross-Band Stealth via Low-cost CNC Fabrication[J]. Journal of Electronics & Information Technology. doi: 10.11999/JEIT251080

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Genetic-Algorithm-Optimized All-Metal Metasurface for Cross-Band Stealth via Low-cost CNC Fabrication

doi: 10.11999/JEIT251080 cstr: 32379.14.JEIT251080

1.
School of Information Science and Engineering, Hebei University of Science and Technology, Shijiazhuang 050018, China
2.
Institute of Intelligent Photonics, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
3.
Faculty of Integrated Circuit, Xidian University, Xi’an 710003, China
4.
Department of Microelectronic Circuits and Systems, National Polytechnic University of Armenian, Yerevan 0009, Armenia

Funds: National Key Research and Development Program of China (No. 2022YFB4400400), National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.62105093 and 62441401), National Key Laboratory of Basic Scientific Research for Innovation Fund (No. IFN20230113), the Major Science and Technology Support Project of Hebei Province (No.24290201Z), Science and Technology Project of Hebei Education Department (No. BJK2023036)

Accepted Date: 2026-01-30
Rev Recd Date: 2026-01-30

Available Online: 2026-02-14

Abstract

Abstract

Objective Traditional electromagnetic stealth materials face the practical challenge of simultaneously achieving both microwave absorption and infrared stealth, while conventional solutions (geometric optimization, multi-layer composite coatings) have drawbacks like narrowband operation, complex fabrication, and poor cross-band compatibility. This study aims to propose a genetic algorithm-optimized all-metal random coding metasurface, which enables concurrent broadband radar cross section (RCS) reduction and low infrared emissivity on a monolithic metallic platform, thus addressing the above implementation hurdles. Methods We employ monolithic all-metal C-shaped resonant units (based on the Pancharatnam–Berry (几何) geometric phase, with reflection phase regulated by rotation angle), and design 2/3/4-bit coding (corresponding to 4/8/16 discrete phase states). A MATLAB-CST co-simulation framework is established (CST extracts unit responses via the finite element method (FEM), while MATLAB uses a genetic algorithm to optimize phase distribution for scattering energy diffusion). All-metal metasurface prototypes (150×150 mm², 10×10 array) are fabricated via computer numerical control (CNC) cutting processing. Results and Discussions Genetic algorithm optimization converges within 6–8 generations, and increased coding bits enhance phase randomness. The 4-bit metasurface achieves an average 10 dB RCS reduction over 11–18.4 GHz, with consistent simulation and anechoic chamber measurement results under 0–60° oblique incidence. Infrared imaging verifies its low emissivity. Compared with traditional composite/multi-layer structures, the all-metal design simplifies fabrication, avoids interfacial mismatches, and ensures structural stability, exhibiting broadband, wide-angle, and cross-band stealth performance. Conclusions This study presents a genetic algorithm-optimized all-metal random coding metasurface that achieves cross-band stealth compatibility for the first time, overcoming the long-standing challenge of concurrently realizing both microwave performance and thermal management in conventional stealth materials. The work advances the field through three key innovations: 1) The monolithic copper structure enables >99.9% infrared reflectivity (8–14 μm band, via FLIR imaging) and an average 10 dB RCS reduction over 11–18.4 GHz; 2) The single-material design eliminates delamination risks, and the CNC-fabricated prototype maintains structural integrity under 60° oblique incidence, reducing fabrication costs by ～78% compared to lithography; 3) The co-simulation framework converges in 8 generations (for 4-bit coding), enabling 7.4 GHz broadband scattering manipulation. This metasurface combines fabrication reliability, cost-effectiveness, and dual-band performance, laying critical groundwork for large-scale deployment in military stealth systems and satellite platforms where multispectral concealment and durability are paramount.
- Coding metasurface,
- Cross-Band Stealth,
- Inverse design,
- Low-cost fabrication

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References(41)

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