Coalition Formation Game based User and Networking Method for Status Update Satellite Internet of Things

GAO Zhixiang; LIU Aijun; HAN Chen; ZHANG Senbai; LIN Xin

doi:10.11999/JEIT250838

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GAO Zhixiang, LIU Aijun, HAN Chen, ZHANG Senbai, LIN Xin. Coalition Formation Game based User and Networking Method for Status Update Satellite Internet of Things[J]. Journal of Electronics & Information Technology. doi: 10.11999/JEIT250838

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GAO Zhixiang, LIU Aijun, HAN Chen, ZHANG Senbai, LIN Xin. Coalition Formation Game based User and Networking Method for Status Update Satellite Internet of Things[J]. Journal of Electronics & Information Technology. doi: 10.11999/JEIT250838

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Coalition Formation Game based User and Networking Method for Status Update Satellite Internet of Things

doi: 10.11999/JEIT250838 cstr: 32379.14.JEIT250838

GAO Zhixiang^{1, 5},
LIU Aijun^{1
,
,},
HAN Chen^{2, 3},
ZHANG Senbai⁴,
LIN Xin¹

1.
College of Communications Engineering, Army Engineering University, Nanjing 210007, China
2.
The 63th Institute, National University of Defense Technology, Nanjing 210007, China
3.
College of Electronic Science and Technology, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410007, China
4.
Institute of Systems Engineering, Academy of Military Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
5.
61905 Troops, Shenyang 110058, China

Funds: National Natural Science Foundation of China (62171466, 62201593, 62471480)

Received Date: 2025-09-01
Accepted Date: 2025-11-03
Rev Recd Date: 2025-11-03

Available Online: 2025-11-11

Abstract

Abstract

Objective Satellite communication has become a key focus in the development of next-generation wireless networks, thanks to its advantages such as wide coverage, long communication distance, and high flexibility in networking. Short packet communication is an important scenario in the Satellite Internet of Things (S-IoT). However, the research on the status update issue for massive users remains insufficient. On one hand, it is necessary to reasonably design user networking schemes to resolve the contradiction between the massive access demands of users and the limited communication resources. On the other hand, in the face of the access demands from massive users, how to design user networking schemes with low complexity is a problem worthy of research. This paper provides a solution for status updates in S-IoT with dynamic orthogonal access for massive users. Methods In the S-IoT, a state update model for user orthogonal dual-layer access is established. A dual-layer networking scheme is proposed where users dynamically allocate bandwidth to access the base station, and the base station adopts time slot polling for accessing the satellite. The closed-form expression of the average age of information (aAoI) of users is derived using the short packet theory, and a simplified approximate expression is also derived under high signal-to-noise ratio conditions. Subsequently, based on the coalition formation game, a distributed dual-layer coalition formation game user-base station-satellite networking (DCFGUSSN) algorithm is proposed. Results and Discussions This approximate aAoI expression effectively reduces the computational complexity. And the exact potential game is used to prove that the proposed DCFGUSSN algorithm can form a stable networking. The simulation results verifies the correctness of the theoretical analysis of the user's aAoI in the proposed state update model (Fig.5). The proposed DCFGUSSN algorithm shows that as the number of iterations increases, the aAoI of the users gradually decreases and eventually converges. (Fig.6). Compared with other access schemes, the proposed double-layer access scheme has a lower aAoI (Fig.7, Fig 8, Fig 9). Conclusions This paper investigates the massive users networking problem with the help of base stations in the state update S-IoT. Firstly, a dynamic two-layer user access framework and the corresponding state update model are established. Then, a DCFGUSSN algorithm is proposed to reduce the aAoI of users. Finally, the theoretical value of aAoI highly coincides with the simulation value, and the proposed algorithm has a significant performance improvement compared with the traditional algorithm.
- Age of information,
- Status update,
- Satellite Internet of Things,
- Coalition formation game,
- Networking method

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References(29)

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