Multi-Channel Switching Array DOA Estimation Algorithm Based on FRIDA

CHEN Tao; XI Haolin; ZHAN Lei; YU Yuwei

doi:10.11999/JEIT250350

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CHEN Tao, XI Haolin, ZHAN Lei, YU Yuwei. Multi-Channel Switching Array DOA Estimation Algorithm Based on FRIDA[J]. Journal of Electronics & Information Technology. doi: 10.11999/JEIT250350

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CHEN Tao, XI Haolin, ZHAN Lei, YU Yuwei. Multi-Channel Switching Array DOA Estimation Algorithm Based on FRIDA[J]. Journal of Electronics & Information Technology. doi: 10.11999/JEIT250350

CHEN Tao, XI Haolin, ZHAN Lei, YU Yuwei. Multi-Channel Switching Array DOA Estimation Algorithm Based on FRIDA[J]. Journal of Electronics & Information Technology. doi: 10.11999/JEIT250350

Citation:

CHEN Tao, XI Haolin, ZHAN Lei, YU Yuwei. Multi-Channel Switching Array DOA Estimation Algorithm Based on FRIDA[J]. Journal of Electronics & Information Technology. doi: 10.11999/JEIT250350

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Multi-Channel Switching Array DOA Estimation Algorithm Based on FRIDA

doi: 10.11999/JEIT250350 cstr: 32379.14.JEIT250350

CHEN Tao¹,
XI Haolin¹,
ZHAN Lei²,
YU Yuwei^{1
,
,}

1.
College of Information and Communication Engineering, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin 150001, China
2.
Chengdu LandTop Technology Co., Ltd, Chengdu 610045, China

Funds: The National Natural Science Foundation of China (62071137)

Received Date: 2025-05-06
Accepted Date: 2025-11-03
Rev Recd Date: 2025-11-03

Available Online: 2025-11-12

Abstract

Abstract

Objective With the increasing complexity of the electromagnetic environment, the requirements for estimation accuracy in practical direction finding systems are rising. Increasing the size of the antenna array is an effective means of improving the estimation accuracy of the actual direction finding system, but increasing the size of the antenna significantly increases the complexity of the actual direction finding system. This paper aims to reduce the number of channels used while maintaining the performance of DOA estimation for full-channel data. By combining the advantages of the channel compression algorithm in reducing the number of channels used with the structure of time-modulated arrays that incorporate switches in the RF front-end, This paper proposes a Multi-Channel Switching Array DOA Estimation Algorithm Based on FRIDA. Methods The algorithm first introduces a selection matrix consisting of switches between the antenna array and the channel, which is responsible for passing the signal data received by the particular antenna selected into the channel, i.e., a particular subarray is selected to receive the data through the selection matrix. Switching different subarrays to collect different less channel received data covariance matrix, by stipulating the common array elements in each subarray to ensure the phase consistency in the covariance matrix, these covariance matrices recover the dimensionality of the covariance matrix after the weighted summation to obtain the total covariance matrix. The total covariance matrix is weighted and summed to obtain the full-channel received data vector after weighting and summing the elements of the total covariance matrix that correspond to the same spacing of the array elements. The FRI reconstruction model is then constructed using the full-channel received data vector, and finally the estimated incident angle is obtained by using the proximal gradient descent algorithm together with the parameter recovery algorithm. Results and Discussions Simulation results of DOA estimation for SA-FRI at multiple source incidence show that: the full-channel received data vectors constructed using multiple covariance matrices of the less-channeled received data are able to discriminate multi-source incident signals, and their performance in this aspect is approximately the same as that of the full-channeled received data(Fig 2). Simulation results of the estimation accuracy with the number of snapshots and SNR under different channel numbers show that the estimation accuracy of the algorithm proposed in this paper with different channel numbers increases with the number of snapshots and SNR, and the more channels are used, the higher the DOA estimation accuracy is under the same SNR and the number of snapshots (Fig 3, Fig 4). Simulation results of DOA estimation accuracy of four different algorithms under different SNR and number of snapshots show that the DOA estimation accuracy of the four algorithms increases with the increase of SNR and number of snapshots, and the algorithms proposed in this paper outperform the other algorithms under the same conditions(Fig 5, Fig 6). Meanwhile, the same results were obtained by verifying the actual measured data(Fig 9), which further proved the effectiveness of the algorithm proposed in this paper. Conclusions Aiming at the problem of how to reduce the number of channels used in the actual DOA estimation system, this paper proposes an array switching DOA estimation based on proximal gradient descent. The algorithm firstly reduces the number of channels using the switching matrix, and then obtains multiple covariance matrices by switching different subarray access channels for multiple acquisitions, uses these covariance matrices to recover and complete the covariance matrix of the full-channel received data, and uses the matrix, and finally obtains the estimation of the DOA parameter of the incident signal by using the proximal gradient descent algorithm. At the same time, the simulation verifies that the proposed algorithm can reduce the use of channels under the premise of guaranteeing certain estimation accuracy. In addition, the effectiveness of the algorithm is further verified by the DOA estimation of the measured data collected through the actual DOA estimation system, which obtains results similar to those of the simulation.
- Switching array,
- Received data reconstruction,
- Proximal gradient descent,
- Gridless DOA estimation,
- FRI reconstruction model

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References(22)

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