复杂多径环境下前导参考循环互相关线性调频扩频通信技术

叶昀; 张诚禹; 庞昊东; 马文峰; 李雪娇; 张晓凯

doi:10.11999/JEIT260702

复杂多径环境下前导参考循环互相关线性调频扩频通信技术

doi: 10.11999/JEIT260702 cstr: 32379.14.JEIT260702

1.
中国人民解放军陆军工程大学南京 210007
2.
中国人民解放军 31605部队南京 211100

基金项目: 国家自然科学基金项目6240013161，江苏省自然科学基金BK20241601

详细信息

作者简介:
叶昀：男，硕士，研究方向为无线通信

张诚禹：男，硕士，研究方向为无线通信

庞昊东：男，硕士，研究方向为无线通信

马文峰：男，博士生导师，研究方向为无线通信

李雪娇：女，硕士，研究方向为侦察与通信

张晓凯：男，硕士生导师，研究方向为无线通信

通讯作者:
张晓凯，　xiaokaizhang@foxmail.com

中图分类号: TN914.4
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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 修回日期: 2026-08-24
- 录用日期: 2026-08-24
- 网络出版日期: 2026-08-28

Preamble-Referenced Cyclic Cross-Correlation Chirp Spread Spectrum Communication Technology in Complex Multipath Environments

1.
Army Engineering of PLA, Nanjing 210007, Jiangsu, China
2.
Unit 31605 of PLA, Nanjing 211100, Jiangsu, China

Funds: National Natural Science Foundation of China 6240013161, Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province BK20241601

摘要

摘要: 针对地面无人平台在复杂多径环境下的短突发可靠通信问题，该文研究强多径、载波频率偏移(Carrier Frequency Offset, CFO)、定时偏移(Timing Offset, TO)、采样频率偏移(Sampling Frequency Offset, SFO)与带内干扰共同作用下鲁棒检测技术，构造前导参考循环互相关线性调频扩频(Preamble-Referenced Cyclic Cross-Correlation CSS, PRCC-CSS)方法。该方法联合设计帧结构、同步估计与载荷检测：前导up-chirp与帧同步定界符down-chirp的互补频域索引联合估计整数CFO与TO；相邻前导相位差、平均谱主峰邻域和跨符号bin漂移分别估计小数CFO、小数TO和SFO；载荷检测以前导平均谱构造帧参考谱，与载荷谱循环互相关完成符号判决。本文参数设置下的仿真表明，在加性高斯白噪声、扩展典型城市(Extended Typical Urban, ETU)信道模型及ETU叠加干扰场景下，PRCC-CSS较直接序列扩频获得更低能量门限；在ETU加干扰下较非相干和相干峰值检测获得更低信干噪比门限。此外，基于软件无线电原型验证系统在ETU、5dB干扰信号功率比条件下可靠帧保留率达90%以上，通过筛选的可靠帧内未观测到符号与比特错误。因此，所提技术将多径频域结构由不利扰动转化为可匹配参考特征，可作为复杂短突发可靠通信的候选物理层方案。
- 线性调频扩频 /
- 短突发通信 /
- 同步估计 /
- 循环互相关 /
- 多径鲁棒检测 /
- 地面无人平台
Abstract: Objective Ground unmanned platforms operating in urban streets, industrial parks, and underground passages require short-burst reliable command-and-control communication. These complex near-ground environments simultaneously impose strong multipath fading, large Carrier Frequency Offset (CFO), residual Timing Offset (TO), Sampling Frequency Offset (SFO), and in-band interference from coexisting wireless systems. Conventional Chirp Spread Spectrum (CSS) receivers based on single-peak decisions in the dechirp–Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT) domain suffer from multipath-induced spectral splitting and interference-induced bin masking, while Direct-Sequence Spread Spectrum (DSSS) baselines exhibit synchronization fragility under combined offsets and degraded energy efficiency under multipath. Simultaneously addressing these impairments is essential for enabling robust low-latency control links and for the coexistence of unmanned platforms with legacy wireless infrastructure in dense deployments. Methods This paper proposes a Preamble-Referenced Cyclic Cross-Correlation CSS (PRCC-CSS) scheme that jointly designs frame structure, synchronization estimation, and payload detection. Each frame comprises multiple identical up-chirp preamble symbols, a down-chirp Start Frame Delimiter (SFD), and CSS-modulated payload symbols. The complementary frequency-domain indices at the dechirp-DFT outputs of the up-chirp preamble and the down-chirp SFD are exploited to jointly estimate integer CFO and TO via closed-form linear combinations. Fractional CFO is recovered from inter-symbol phase differences across adjacent preamble symbols; fractional TO is extracted from the centroid of the main-peak neighborhood of the averaged preamble spectrum; and under a common oscillator-reference assumption, SFO-induced bin drift is compensated using the CFO-derived clock-offset relation. After offset compensation, the averaged preamble spectrum serves as a frame-specific reference spectrum that captures the instantaneous multipath fingerprint of the channel. Payload symbols are then detected by computing the cyclic cross-correlation between this reference spectrum and each candidate-shifted payload spectrum, taking the maximum-correlation index as the demodulated symbol. This formulation converts the multipath-induced frequency-domain structure from an adverse perturbation into a matchable intra-frame reference feature, thereby enabling multipath-robust structure-matched payload detection without explicit path-by-path channel estimation. Results and Discussions PRCC-CSS is evaluated under identical bandwidth, sampling rate, and processing gain at a target Bit Error Rate (BER) of 10^–4. First, it is compared against three DSSS baselines using Binary Phase-Shift Keying (BPSK), Quadrature Phase-Shift Keying (QPSK), and 16-ary Quadrature Amplitude Modulation (16QAM) under three channel conditions. Under Additive White Gaussian Noise (AWGN, Fig. 1), PRCC-CSS reaches the target at approximately 5 dB Eb/N0 versus 8.5–9 dB for the best DSSS baseline, indicating that chirp index modulation combined with preamble-referenced correlation provides inherent frequency-domain energy aggregation independent of any specific multipath profile. Under the Extended Typical Urban (ETU) channel without interference (Fig. 2), PRCC-CSS requires approximately 6.5 dB versus approximately 10 dB, as the preamble reference spectrum captures and reuses the per-frame multipath structure that finite-finger DSSS-RAKE cannot fully exploit due to path-capture and code-synchronization errors. Under ETU with in-band interference at Jamming-to-Signal Ratio (JSR) = 5 dB (Fig. 3), PRCC-CSS requires approximately 8.1 dB versus 10.8–11.0 dB, since the cyclic cross-correlation preserves decision separability—reference and payload spectra share nearly identical channel structure within the same frame—whereas DSSS-RAKE accumulates interference residue across all combining fingers. Second, against Dechirp Non-Coherent (DNC) and coherent peak detection at Spreading Factor (SF) = 7 and SF = 9 under ETU with interference (Fig. 4), DNC fails to reach the target within the tested Signal-to-Interference-plus-Noise Ratio (SINR) range at SF = 7 and requires approximately 4–5 dB at SF = 9, whereas PRCC-CSS reaches the target at approximately –5 dB SINR at SF = 7 and –11 dB at SF = 9, yielding a 10–15 dB SINR threshold improvement and confirming that the gain stems from frame-wide cyclic matching rather than phase compensation alone. Third, a Software-Defined Radio (SDR) prototype on an ETU-emulated channel at JSR = 5 dB (Fig. 5–Fig. 6) retains 300 of 332 received frames as reliable (90.4%). In the retained reliable frames, no symbol errors were observed among 6,000 payload symbols and no bit errors were observed among 54,000 payload bits, corresponding to a one-sided 95% upper confidence bound of 5.56 × 10^-⁵ on the retained-frame conditional BER. Conclusions This paper proposes the PRCC-CSS scheme that jointly integrates integer/fractional CFO–TO and SFO estimation with cyclic cross-correlation payload detection. Results demonstrate that: (1) at BER = 10^–4, PRCC-CSS lowers the required Eb/N0 by approximately 2.7–4.0 dB relative to the best DSSS-BPSK/QPSK/16QAM baseline across AWGN, ETU, and ETU with JSR = 5 dB cases; (2) under ETU with interference, PRCC-CSS lowers the required SINR by approximately 10–15 dB relative to DNC at SF = 7 and SF = 9, with a further consistent margin over coherent peak detection; (3) the SDR prototype retains 90.4% of received frames, and the retained-frame conditional BER has a one-sided 95% upper confidence bound of 5.56 × 10^–5. By exploiting the multipath-induced frequency-domain structure as a matchable intra-frame reference feature rather than as a perturbation, PRCC-CSS provides a candidate physical-layer solution for short-burst reliable communication in complex near-ground environments. Future work will extend the scheme to higher-order CSS modulations, multi-antenna diversity reception, and adaptive reference-spectrum updating for time-varying channels.
- Chirp Spread Spectrum (CSS) /
- Short-burst communication /
- Synchronization estimation /
- Cyclic cross-correlation /
- Multipath-robust detection /
- Ground unmanned platform

HTML全文

图 1 AWGN信道下PRCC-CSS与DSSS的能量效率对比

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图 2 ETU多径信道下PRCC-CSS与DSSS的能量效率对比

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图 3 ETU与干扰条件下PRCC-CSS与DSSS的能量效率对比

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图 4 ETU与干扰条件下不同chirp接收方式的BER-SINR对比

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图 5 实验场景设置与频谱分析结果

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图 6 原型系统验证结果(ETU信道，JSR = 5 dB)

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表 1 仿真参数设置

参数	设置
带宽/采样率	B=Fs=10 MHz
载频	fc=2 GHz
CSS符号长度	SF=7/9, N=128/512
主要信道	AWGN、ETU、ETU+干扰
DSSS基线	BPSK、QPSK、16QAM；9-finger RAKE/MRC
Chirp基线	传统DNC、相干峰值检测
主要指标	BER-Eb/N0，BER-SINR，帧保留率

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