A Microwave Photonic Approach to Ultra-Wideband High-Precision High-Stability Frequency-Hopping Signal Generation
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摘要: 我国新一代抗干扰卫星通信系统面临大带宽、快跳变、高稳定的抗干扰通信需求，传统通信系统受电子瓶颈限制，核心指标提升受限。本文提出了一种基于声光移频的超宽带跳频信号生成方法，通过电光调制器级联生成两套自由谱范围不同的8线平坦光梳，利用声光调制器(AOM)对本振光梳移频并配合密集波分复用(DWDM)可实现超宽带跳频信号的产生。实验验证了0.2–15.8 GHz频段范围内，16个离散跳频信号的灵活跳变，生成的信号功率约为–35 dBm，每个通道的误差向量幅度(EVM)约为6.72%，仿真结果表明跳频信号生成速度可达到亚微秒量级，具有良好的动态响应特性。Abstract:
Objective The new-generation anti-jamming satellite communication systems in China impose urgent demands on frequency-hopping signal generation technologies that simultaneously possess ultra-wide bandwidth, fast hopping rate, and high stability. Conventional electronic schemes are constrained by the “electronic bottleneck,” making it difficult to achieve both ultra-wideband coverage and high-precision control. Existing photonic frequency-hopping methods still share common deficiencies in frequency stability, number of hopping frequencies, and spurious suppression. To address these issues, this paper proposes and explores a microwave photonic ultra-wideband high-precision high-stability frequency-hopping signal generation method based on acousto-optic frequency shifting. Methods The continuous optical wave generated by a narrow-linewidth laser serves as the optical carrier and is equally split into two paths by an optical splitter. In the upper path, the optical carrier is first modulated by a DPMZM to perform carrier-suppressed single-sideband (CS-SSB) modulation on the initial frequency-hopping (FH) signal, thereby converting the RF signal into the optical domain for transmission and processing. The generated single-sideband signal is then fed into an 8-line signal optical frequency comb (OFC) generation module for signal replication. In the lower path, the optical carrier is first up-frequency-shifted by an AOM to adjust its center frequency, after which it is also directed into an identical OFC generation module to produce an 8-line local oscillator (LO) optical comb. The two optical combs are combined and then demultiplexed by a DWDM into eight independent channels, each of which is sequentially connected to an optical switch and a photodetector. By controlling the switching states of the optical switches and the phase selection of the signals, the input narrowband FH signal is eventually expanded to 16 times its original bandwidth. Results and Discussions An experimental link was established to verify the proposed method. First, the generation performance of the dual optical combs was tested. As shown in Fig. 2 , the free spectral range (FSR) of OFC1 and OFC2 are 40 GHz and 36 GHz, respectively, and the flatness of both combs is below 3 dB. Subsequently, a phase modulation experiment was conducted using a single-tone signal with a center frequency of 800 MHz. FromFig. 3 , it can be observed that frequency-hopped signals appear at 200 MHz and1800 MHz, and the crosstalk suppression ratio between the two channels exceeds 21 dB, indicating effective isolation between the channels.Fig. 4 presents the results of the frequency-hopping function test for all channels using optical switches. It is evident that an input frequency-hopping signal with a bandwidth of only 1 GHz can be expanded by a factor of 16 in the hopping bandwidth. Finally, a wideband vector signal was employed to verify the frequency-hopping function across all channels. The experimental results show that the adjacent channel power ratio (ACPR) for each channel is approximately 39.57 dB, and the error vector magnitude (EVM) of the generated signal is about 6.72%. Notably, although residual signals can still be detected at the original spectral positions after frequency hopping, these residuals do not significantly affect effective communication.Conclusions The proposed scheme successfully achieves large-bandwidth frequency hopping while ensuring frequency stability. In contrast to existing photonic frequency-hopping approaches based on optical injection locking or Fourier domain mode locking, the proposed scheme enables flexible frequency hopping without the need to directly drive the laser with an electrical signal. Its frequency stability primarily depends on the initial frequency-hopping signal, thereby effectively avoiding frequency instabilities induced by laser control. Furthermore, unlike photonic frequency-multiplication-based schemes, the proposed approach does not require a high-frequency hopping signal as a reference. It is worth noting that the hopping bandwidth can be expanded proportionally with the increase in the number of optical frequency comb lines. Meanwhile, compared with other photonic frequency-hopping schemes based on optical frequency combs, the proposed scheme doubles the utilization efficiency of each comb line for frequency hopping and supports arbitrary frequency switching within the hopping bandwidth without being limited to fixed frequency points. Owing to these advantages, the proposed scheme exhibits broad application prospects in future anti-jamming communications, reconnaissance, and electronic countermeasures. -
表 1 8个通道的光梳梳齿索引、DPMZM相位状态机输出频率映射表
物理通道
编号信号光梳
梳齿索引本振光梳
梳齿索引DPMZM
相位状态输出频率 Ch-1 1 1 +90° 12.2 GHz Ch-1 1 1 –90° 13.8 GHz Ch-2 2 2 +90° 8.2 GHz Ch-2 2 2 –90° 9.8 GHz Ch-3 3 3 +90° 4.2 GHz Ch-3 3 3 –90° 5.8 GHz Ch-4 4 4 +90° 0.2 GHz Ch-4 4 4 –90° 1.8 GHz Ch-5 5 5 +90° 3.8 GHz Ch-5 5 5 –90° 2.2 GHz Ch-6 6 6 +90° 7.8 GHz Ch-6 6 6 –90° 6.2GHz Ch-7 7 7 +90° 11.8 GHz Ch-7 7 7 –90° 10.2 GHz Ch-8 8 8 +90° 15.8 GHz Ch-8 8 8 –90° 14.2 GHz 
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表 2 多种方案性能比较
方案来源 跳频带宽
(GHz)主要原理 优点 缺点 文献 [2] 1.8 GHz 正交频分复用 跳频精度高 受跳频本振限制 文献 [6] 2个频点 利用可调谐光滤波器实现两个频点间切换 跳频精度高 跳频点数有限 文献 [7] >10 GHz 利用光学注入技术，任意切换跳频频率 可以实现带宽任意频点切换 跳频精度低 文献 [8] 2个频点 利用光四波混频，将目标信号切换
至不同频点频率切换速度快 跳频点数有限 文献 [9] 2个频点 利用光学倍频，将目标信号变频到
不同频点跳频精度高 跳频点数有限 文献 [10] 2个频点 利用光学倍频，将目标信号变频到
不同频点跳频精度高 跳频点数有限 文献 [11] 由跳频本振
带宽决定利用I/Q 上变频将基带信号变频到
目标频段可将基带信号直接变频为
射频信号受跳频本振限制 文献 [22] 2个频点 利用可调谐光滤波器，实现不同
频点间切换跳频精度高 跳频点数有限 文献 [23] 任意跳频带宽 通过激光温度控制实现不同频率信号生成 可以实现带宽任意频点切换 跳频精度低 文献 [24] NA 利用相干双光梳拍频，
进行多频段信号生成可生成高精度多频段跳频信号 需要生成2套光频梳，链路损耗高 文献 [26] NA 借助傅里叶域锁模OEO，
实现频率周期性切换所生成的信号相噪低 周期性跳频，无法实现任意
频率切换本方案 16 GHz 利用声光移频器移频与相干双光梳拍频，进行多频段信号生成 可生成高精度多频段跳频信号、跳频点数量可随梳齿数
增加成倍增加需要生成2套光频梳且配备AOM，链路损耗高
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