一种微波光子超宽带高精稳跳频信号生成方法

陈博; 孙格雯; 王国荣; 范彦丽; 梅策香; 康博超; 高永胜

doi:10.11999/JEIT260679

一种微波光子超宽带高精稳跳频信号生成方法

doi: 10.11999/JEIT260679 cstr: 32379.14.JEIT260679

1.
咸阳师范学院物理与电子工程学院咸阳 712000
2.
中国空间技术研究院西安分院西安 710021
3.
西北工业大学电子信息学院西安 710021
4.
陕西正泰智能电气有限公司咸阳 712000

基金项目: 国家自然科学基金(62171734, 62301437)，陕西省重点研发计划(2025NC-YBXM-199)，陕西省自然科学基础研究计划一般项目(2025JC-YBMS-094)，咸阳师范学院重点培育项目(XSYK25029)

详细信息

作者简介:
陈博：男，副教授，研究方向为微波光子技术

孙格雯：女，本科生，研究方向为微波光子技术

王国荣：男，高级工程师，研究方向为无线通信、智能装备制造

范彦丽：女，讲师，研究方向为无线通信、模式识别与智能系统

梅策香：女，副教授，研究方向为微波光子技术、离子束与原子物理

康博超：男，高级工程师，研究方向为微波光子信号处理

高永胜：男，副教授，研究方向为光载射频通信、微波光子技术、里德堡原子

通讯作者:
高永胜　ysgao@nwpu.edu.cn

中图分类号: TN929.1
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2025-05-25
- 修回日期: 2026-09-14
- 录用日期: 2026-09-15
- 网络出版日期: 2026-09-22

A Microwave Photonic Approach to Ultra-Wideband High-Precision High-Stability Frequency-Hopping Signal Generation

1.
College of Physics & Electronic Engineering, Xianyang Normal University, Xianyang 712000, China
2.
China Academy of Space Technology Xi’an Branch, Xi’an 710021, China
3.
School of Electronics and Information, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an 710021, China
4.
Shaanxi Chint Intelligent Electric Co., Ltd., Xianyang 712000, China

Funds: The National Natural Science Foundation of China (62171734, 62301437), Shaanxi Key R&D Program Project (2025NC-YBXM-199), Shaanxi Provincial Natural Science Basic Research Program (2025JC-YBMS-094), Key Cultivation Project of Xianyang Normal University (XSYK25029)

摘要

摘要: 我国新一代抗干扰卫星通信系统面临大带宽、快跳变、高稳定的抗干扰通信需求，传统通信系统受电子瓶颈限制，核心指标提升受限。该文提出一种基于声光移频的超宽带跳频信号生成方法，通过电光调制器级联生成两套自由谱范围不同的8线平坦光梳，利用声光调制器(AOM)对本振光梳移频并配合密集波分复用(DWDM)可实现超宽带跳频信号的产生。实验验证了0.2～15.8 GHz频段范围内，16个离散跳频信号的灵活跳变，生成的信号功率约为–35 dBm，每个通道的误差向量幅度(EVM)约为6.72%，仿真结果表明跳频信号生成速度可达到亚微秒量级，具有良好的动态响应特性。
- 微波光子学 /
- 跳频 /
- 光频梳 /
- 声光调制器
Abstract: Objective The new-generation anti-jamming satellite communication systems in China require frequency-hopping signal generation technologies that simultaneously provide ultra-wide bandwidth, fast hopping rates, and high stability. Conventional electronic schemes are restricted by the “electronic bottleneck,” which limits the realization of wideband coverage and high-precision frequency control. Existing photonic frequency-hopping methods still face challenges in frequency stability, hopping frequency number, and spurious suppression. To overcome these limitations, a microwave photonic ultra-wideband high-precision high-stability frequency-hopping signal generation method based on acousto-optic frequency shifting is proposed. Methods A continuous optical wave generated by a narrow-linewidth laser is used as the optical carrier and equally divided into two paths by an optical splitter. In the upper path, a Dual-Parallel Mach-Zehnder Modulator (DPMZM) performs Carrier-Suppressed Single-SideBand (CS-SSB) modulation on the initial Frequency-Hopping (FH) signal, converting the Radio Frequency (RF) signal into the optical domain for subsequent transmission and processing. The generated single-sideband signal is injected into an Optical Frequency Comb (OFC) generation module with eight lines for signal replication. In the lower path, the optical carrier is frequency-shifted by an Acousto-Optic Modulator (AOM) to adjust the center frequency and then introduced into an identical OFC generation module to generate an eight-line Local Oscillator (LO) optical comb. The two optical combs are combined and separated into eight independent channels through a Dense Wavelength Division Multiplexer (DWDM). Each channel is connected to an optical switch and a photodetector for channel selection and signal detection. By jointly controlling the optical switching states and signal phase selection, the input narrowband FH signal is expanded to 16 times its original bandwidth. Results and Discussions An experimental link is established to verify the proposed method. The generation performance of the dual optical combs is first evaluated. The results shown in Fig. 2 demonstrate that the Free Spectral Ranges (FSRs) of OFC1 and OFC2 are 40 GHz and 36 GHz, respectively, and the flatness of both combs is below 3 dB. Subsequently, a phase modulation experiment is performed using a single-tone signal with a center frequency of 800 MHz. The results in Fig. 3 show that frequency-hopped signals are generated at 200 MHz and 1 800 MHz, and the Crosstalk Suppression Ratio between the two channels exceeds 21 dB, indicating effective channel isolation. Fig. 4 further presents the frequency-hopping performance of all channels using optical switches. The results demonstrate that an input FH signal with a bandwidth of only 1 GHz can achieve a 16-fold expansion of hopping bandwidth. Finally, a wideband vector signal is applied to verify the frequency-hopping capability of all channels. The experimental results show that the Adjacent Channel Power Ratio (ACPR) of each channel is approximately 39.57 dB, and the Error Vector Magnitude (EVM) of the generated signal is about 6.72%. Although residual signals remain detectable at the original spectral positions after frequency hopping, they have a negligible influence on effective communication. Conclusions The proposed method achieves large-bandwidth frequency hopping while maintaining high frequency stability. Compared with existing photonic frequency-hopping approaches based on optical injection locking or Fourier Domain Mode Locking, the proposed method enables flexible frequency hopping without directly driving the laser using an electrical signal. The frequency stability mainly depends on the initial FH signal, reducing frequency instability caused by laser parameter control. Unlike photonic frequency-multiplication-based schemes, the proposed method does not require a high-frequency hopping signal as a reference. In addition, the hopping bandwidth can be further expanded by increasing the number of optical frequency comb lines. Compared with other optical frequency comb-based photonic frequency-hopping schemes, the proposed method doubles the utilization efficiency of each comb line for frequency hopping and supports flexible frequency switching within the hopping bandwidth without being restricted by fixed frequency points. The proposed method provides an effective solution for future anti-jamming communications, reconnaissance, and electronic countermeasure systems.
- Microwave photonics /
- Frequency Hopping (FH) /
- Optical Frequency Comb (OFC) /
- Acousto-Optic Modulator (AOM)

HTML全文

图 1 光电联合调控跳频信号生成系统原理图

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图 2 双光梳生成实验结果

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图 3 单音信号调频测试结果

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图 4 使用单音信号的跳频信号三维瀑布图

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图 5 频谱图与星座图

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图 6 跳频信号频谱和星座图的3D瀑布图

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图 7 16个通道的切换结果

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表 1 8个通道的光梳梳齿索引、DPMZM相位状态机输出频率映射表

物理通道编号	信号光梳梳齿索引	本振光梳梳齿索引	DPMZM 相位状态	输出频率(GHz)
Ch-1	1	1	+90°	12.2
Ch-1	1	1	–90°	13.8
Ch-2	2	2	+90°	8.2
Ch-2	2	2	–90°	9.8
Ch-3	3	3	+90°	4.2
Ch-3	3	3	–90°	5.8
Ch-4	4	4	+90°	0.2
Ch-4	4	4	–90°	1.8
Ch-5	5	5	+90°	3.8
Ch-5	5	5	–90°	2.2
Ch-6	6	6	+90°	7.8
Ch-6	6	6	–90°	6.2
Ch-7	7	7	+90°	11.8
Ch-7	7	7	–90°	10.2
Ch-8	8	8	+90°	15.8
Ch-8	8	8	–90°	14.2

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表 2 多种方案性能比较

方案来源	跳频带宽	主要原理	优点	缺点
[2]	1.8 GHz	正交频分复用	跳频精度高	受跳频本振限制
[6]	2个频点	利用可调谐光滤波器实现两个频点间切换	跳频精度高	跳频点数有限
[7]	>10 GHz	利用光学注入技术，任意切换跳频频率	可以实现带宽任意频点切换	跳频精度低
[8]	2个频点	利用光四波混频，将目标信号切换至不同频点	频率切换速度快	跳频点数有限
[9]	2个频点	利用光学倍频，将目标信号变频到不同频点	跳频精度高	跳频点数有限
[10]	2个频点	利用光学倍频，将目标信号变频到不同频点	跳频精度高	跳频点数有限
[11]	由跳频本振带宽决定	利用I/Q上变频将基带信号变频到目标频段	可将基带信号直接变频为射频信号	受跳频本振限制
[22]	2个频点	利用可调谐光滤波器，实现不同频点间切换	跳频精度高	跳频点数有限
[23]	任意跳频带宽	通过激光温度控制实现不同频率信号生成	可以实现带宽任意频点切换	跳频精度低
[24]	NA	利用相干双光梳拍频，进行多频段信号生成	可生成高精度多频段跳频信号	需要生成2套光频梳，链路损耗高
[26]	NA	借助傅里叶域锁模OEO，实现频率周期性切换	所生成的信号相噪低	周期性跳频，无法实现任意频率切换
本文	16 GHz	利用声光移频器移频与相干双光梳拍频，进行多频段信号生成	可生成高精度多频段跳频信号、跳频点数量可随梳齿数成倍增加	需要生成2套光频梳且配备AOM，链路损耗高

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