时空编码超表面赋能雷达通信与电磁隐身一体化设计

张明; 王哲; 王博雅; 杨琳; 韩琦; 何宇航; 侯卫民; 李康

doi:10.11999/JEIT260536

时空编码超表面赋能雷达通信与电磁隐身一体化设计

doi: 10.11999/JEIT260536 cstr: 32379.14.JEIT260536

张明^1,,
王哲¹,
王博雅¹,
杨琳¹,
韩琦¹,
何宇航¹,
侯卫民^1, ,,
李康²

1.
河北科技大学信息科学与工程学院石家庄 050018
2.
西安电子科技大学集成电路学院西安 710003

基金项目: 科技部国家重点研发计划(2022YFB4400400)，国家自然科学基金(62441401)，国家重点实验室基础科学研究创新基金(IFN20230113)，河北省重大科技支撑项目(24290201Z)，河北省自然科学基金(F2024208020，F2026208017)，河北省教育厅青年拔尖人才项目(BJK2024089)，河北省教育厅在读研究生创新能力培养资助项目(CXZZSS2026090)

详细信息

作者简介:
张明：男，副教授，博士，研究方向为电磁波调控、可重构超表面天线

王哲：男，硕士生，研究方向为可重构超表面天线

王博雅：男，硕士生，研究方向为可重构超表面天线

杨琳：女，副教授，博士，研究方向为微波毫米波集成电路、无线通信射频前端芯片

韩琦：男，讲师，博士，研究方向为光通信和太赫兹电磁调控

何宇航：男，讲师，博士，研究方向为新型半导体材料的太赫兹光子学、电磁超材料的设计与调控

侯卫民：男，教授，博士，研究方向为阵列信号处理、无线通信

李康：男，副教授，博士，研究方向为毫米波功率器件和太赫兹器件

通讯作者:
侯卫民　jerry.ioa.bj@hotmail.com

中图分类号: TN828.4; TN26
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- 文章访问数: 370
- HTML全文浏览量: 170
- PDF下载量: 19
- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2026-04-29
- 修回日期: 2026-07-07
- 录用日期: 2026-07-08
- 网络出版日期: 2026-07-31

Space-Time-Coding Metasurface-Enabled Integrated Design of Radar Communication and Electromagnetic Stealth

ZHANG Ming^1
,,
WANG Zhe¹,
WANG Boya¹,
YANG Lin¹,
HAN Qi¹,
HE Yuhang¹,
HOU Weimin^{1
, ,},
LI Kang²

1.
School of Information Science and Engineering, Hebei University of Science and Technology, Shijiazhuang 050018, China
2.
Faculty of Integrated Circuit, Xidian University, Xi’an 710003, China

Funds: The National Key Research and Development Program of China (2022YFB4400400), The National Natural Science Foundation of China (62441401), The National Key Laboratory of Basic Scientific Research for Innovation Fund (IFN20230113), The Major Science and Technology Support Project of Hebei Province (24290201Z), Hebei Natural Science Foundation (F2024208020, F2026208017), Science and Technology Project of Hebei Education Department (BJK2024089), Hebei Provincial Department of Education Grant for Cultivating Innovative Ability of Postgraduate Students (CXZZSS2026090)

摘要

摘要: 当前，传统雷达天线通过发射高频电磁信号以及材料结构设计实现主动电磁干扰和雷达散射截面积缩小的带内隐身。同时，又需要大规模TR组件或机械控制实现多向雷达通信。因此，实现带内隐身与多向辐射的集成化动态调制，成为当前电磁调控领域面临的一项巨大技术挑战。在此，该文提出一种工作于X波段能够同时实现波束扫描和电磁隐身的时空编码超表面，该器件采用时-空相位联合编码策略，通过协同调控电磁波的空间域与频率域特性，重构传播方向并调控谐波功率分布，实现了谐波波束转向以及雷达散射截面积(RCS)缩减。作为概念验证，该文采用印制电路板(PCB)工艺制作了一个8×8的超表面模型，利用FPGA开发板进行控制并通过矢量网络分析仪采集回波信号增益。所设计的超表面成功实现–45°～+45°范围内波束扫描和回波增益降低最大值为14.83 dB的RCS缩减。相信该设计能够为自适应多维度电磁波调控及先进电磁对抗技术提供了新路径与实验支撑。
- 超表面 /
- 时空编码序列 /
- 波束扫描 /
- 雷达散射截面积缩减
Abstract: Objective To address the complexity and limited modulation capabilities of existing reconfigurable metasurfaces that integrate radiation and stealth functions, a space-time-coding metasurface is proposed for dynamic switching between beam scanning and Radar Cross Section (RCS) reduction. By periodically modulating the states of the meta-atoms in the time domain, differentiated phase distributions are generated for the incident wave and its harmonics. This enables integrated radiation and electromagnetic stealth without complex Transmit-Receive (T/R) components or multilayer structures. The proposed design provides a simple and low-cost approach for integrated radar communication and electromagnetic stealth. Methods The metasurface adopts a metal-dielectric-metal structure, with each meta-atom integrating a PIN diode for 1-bit reflection-phase modulation. Electromagnetic simulations are performed using CST Microwave Studio. At the center frequency of 10.0 GHz, the two diode states provide a reflection phase difference close to 180°, with a near-lossless co-polarized reflection amplitude. Binary Particle Swarm Optimization (BPSO) is used to optimize the space-time-coding sequences for beam scanning and RCS reduction. An 8 × 8 prototype is fabricated using Printed Circuit Board (PCB) technology. A Vector Network Analyzer (VNA) equipped with an S97082A option is used to measure the radiation and scattering characteristics of the prototype. Results and Discussions Simulations and measurements confirm that the proposed space-time-coding metasurface provides beam scanning and RCS reduction. In the radiation mode, the fundamental, +1st, +2nd, +3rd, –1st, –2nd, and –3rd harmonics are steered to +2°, +14°, +32°, +46°, –15°, –28°, and –44°, respectively. The average error between the measured and target beam directions is 1.3°. The average sidelobe levels of the ±1st, ±2nd, and fundamental harmonics are 10.59 dB lower than the corresponding main lobes. In the scattering mode, the peak echo gain at 10.0 GHz is reduced by 11.56 dB relative to a copper plate. Over 9.9～10.1 GHz, the echo gain is reduced by approximately 10 dB, except at 9.93 GHz and 10.04 GHz, where the reductions are 8.07 dB and 7.89 dB, respectively. The maximum reduction reaches 14.83 dB at 9.95 GHz. These results verify the integrated radiation and scattering-control capabilities of the proposed metasurface. Conclusions A space-time-coding metasurface is proposed for integrated radiation and electromagnetic stealth. By integrating PIN diodes into the meta-atoms, the reflection states are periodically modulated on a planar metasurface to generate differentiated equivalent phase distributions at different harmonic frequencies. This enables multi-angle beam scanning without T/R components and reduces the echo gain through spatial and temporal coding. The proposed design simplifies the system architecture and reduces hardware requirements. The demonstrated beam scanning and RCS reduction indicate its potential for integrated radar communication and electromagnetic stealth.
- Metasurface /
- Space-time-coding sequence /
- Beam scanning /
- Radar Cross Section (RCS) reduction

HTML全文

图 1 提出的集成有辐射-隐身功能的时空编码超表面工作原理示意图

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 2 超原子的结构，电磁响应仿真结果

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 3 BPSO算法流程示意图，适应度函数随迭代次数变化情况以及通过BPSO算法搜索出的用于波束扫描的时空编码序列

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 4 用于波束扫描的时空编码超表面一维、二维、三维远场散射数值模拟结果以及对应的时空编码序列

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图 5 用于RCS的时空编码序列，各次谐波频谱图以及二维远场散射数值模拟结果

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 6 制造的超表面模型，局部放大图，驱动电路，生成的时空编码控制信号以及实验测试环境示意图

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 7 辐射模式下各次谐波散射方向图测试结果，散射模式下铜板、超表面散射方向图和频谱图测试结果

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表 1 各次谐波不同情景下的偏折角度

谐波次序	–3	–2	–1	0	+1	+2	+3
目标偏折角度(°)	–45	–30	–15	0	15	30	45
模拟偏折角度(°)	–45	–29	–14	0	13	31	45
实测偏折角度(°)	–44	–28	–15	2	14	32	46

下载: 导出CSV

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