时空编码超表面赋能雷达通信与电磁隐身一体化设计

张明; 王哲; 王博雅; 杨琳; 韩琦; 何宇航; 侯卫民; 李康

doi:10.11999/JEIT260536

时空编码超表面赋能雷达通信与电磁隐身一体化设计

doi: 10.11999/JEIT260536 cstr: 32379.14.JEIT260536

张明^1,,
王哲¹,
王博雅¹,
杨琳¹,
韩琦¹,
何宇航¹,
侯卫民^1, ,,
李康²

1.
河北科技大学信息科学与工程学院石家庄 050018
2.
西安电子科技大学集成电路学院西安 710003

基金项目: 科技部国家重点研发计划(2022YFB4400400)，国家自然科学基金(62441401)，国家重点实验室基础科学研究创新基金(IFN20230113)，河北省重大科技支撑项目(24290201Z)，河北省自然科学基金(F2024208020，F2026208017)，河北省教育厅青年拔尖人才项目(BJK2024089)，河北省教育厅在读研究生创新能力培养资助项目(CXZZSS2026090)

详细信息

作者简介:
张明：男，副教授，博士，研究方向为电磁波调控、可重构超表面天线，邮箱：　zhangming5280@126.com

王哲：男，硕士生，研究方向为可重构超表面天线

王博雅：男，硕士生，研究方向为可重构超表面天线

杨琳：女，副教授，博士，研究方向为微波毫米波集成电路、无线通信射频前端芯片

韩琦：男，讲师，博士，研究方向为光通信和太赫兹电磁调控

何宇航：男，讲师，博士，研究方向为新型半导体材料的太赫兹光子学、电磁超材料的设计与调控

侯卫民：男，教授，博士，研究方向为阵列信号处理、无线通信，邮箱：　jerry.ioa.bj@hotmail.com

李康：男，副教授，博士，研究方向为毫米波功率器件和太赫兹器件

通讯作者:
侯卫民　jerry.ioa.bj@hotmail.com

中图分类号: TN828.4; TN26
计量
- 文章访问数: 39
- HTML全文浏览量: 12
- PDF下载量: 3
- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 修回日期: 2026-07-08
- 录用日期: 2026-07-08
- 网络出版日期: 2026-07-31

Space-time-coding metasurface Enabled Integrated Design of Radar Communication and Electromagnetic Stealth

ZHANG Ming^1
,,
WANG Zhe¹,
WANG Boya¹,
YANG Lin¹,
HAN Qi¹,
HE Yuhang¹,
HOU Weimin^{1
, ,},
LI Kang²

1.
School of Information Science and Engineering, Hebei University of Science and Technology, Shijiazhuang 050018, China
2.
Faculty of Integrated Circuit, Xidian University, Xi’an 710003, China

Funds: National Key Research and Development Program of China (No. 2022YFB4400400), National Natural Science Foundation of China (N0. 62441401), National Key Laboratory of Basic Scientific Research for Innovation Fund (No. IFN20230113), the Major Science and Technology Support Project of Hebei Province (No.24290201Z), Hebei Natural Science Foundation (No. F2024208020 and F2026208017), Science and Technology Project of Hebei Education Department (No. BJK2024089), Hebei Provincial Department of Education Grant for Cultivating Innovative Ability of Postgraduate Students (CXZZSS2026090)

摘要

摘要: 当前，传统雷达天线通过发射高频电磁信号以及材料结构设计实现主动电磁干扰和雷达散射截面积缩小的带内隐身。同时，又需要大规模TR组件或机械控制实现多向雷达通信。因此，实现带内隐身与多向辐射的集成化动态调制，成为当前电磁调控领域面临的一项巨大技术挑战。在此，本工作提出了一种工作于X波段能够同时实现波束扫描和电磁隐身的时空编码超表面，该器件采用时-空相位联合编码策略，通过协同调控电磁波的空间域与频率域特性，重构传播方向并调控谐波功率分布，实现了谐波波束转向以及雷达散射截面积(Radar Cross Section, RCS)缩减。作为概念验证，本工作采用印制电路板(Printed Circuit Board, PCB)工艺制作了一个8×8的超表面模型，利用FPGA (Field-Programmable Gate Array)开发板进行控制并通过矢量网络分析仪采集回波信号增益。所设计的超表面成功实现–45°～+45°范围内波束扫描和回波增益降低最大值为14.83 dB的RCS缩减。相信该设计能够为自适应多维度电磁波调控及先进电磁对抗技术提供了新路径与实验支撑。
- 超表面 /
- 时空编码序列 /
- 波束扫描 /
- RCS缩减
Abstract: Objective To address the complexity and limited modulation of existing reconfigurable metasurfaces integrating radiation and stealth, this study proposes a single-layer space-time-coding metasurface that dynamically switches between beam scanning and RCS reduction. By periodically modulating meta-atom states in the time domain, the phase responses of incident and harmonic waves are differentiated, enabling dynamic integration of radiation and stealth without complex feeding networks or multilayer structures. The design achieves precise beam scanning and excellent RCS reduction, providing a simple, low-cost solution for integrating radar communication and electromagnetic stealth. Methods This metasurface adopts a metal-dielectric-metal structure, with each meta-atom integrating a PIN diode. Electromagnetic simulations are conducted using CST Microwave Studio. At the optimal operating frequency, the meta-atom exhibits a 1-bit tunable reflection phase and a near-lossless co-polarized reflection amplitude. By feeding space-time-coding sequences into the metasurface model, dynamic control of beam scanning and RCS reduction is achieved. A prototype is fabricated using PCB technology, and its performance is validated through echo scattering measurements conducted with a vector network analyzer and a frequency offset option. Results and Discussions Simulations and measurements confirm that the proposed space-time-coding metasurface enables precise beam steering and excellent RCS reduction. At 10.0 GHz, the meta-atoms provide a 180° reflection phase difference and near-lossless amplitude. In radiation mode, harmonic beams are steered to angles of +2°, +14°, +32°, +46°, –15°, –28°, and –44°, with side-lobe levels for the ±3rd to fundamental harmonics suppressed to –10.59 dB. In scattering mode, the RCS of the fundamental echo is reduced by 11.56 dB compared to a copper plate. Additionally, a –10 dB RCS reduction is achieved from 9.9 to 10.1 GHz, peaking at 14.83 dB at 9.95 GHz. Experimental results validate the design’s integrated radiation-scattering capability and dynamic control flexibility. Conclusions This study presents a design method for a space-time-coding metasurface that enables dynamically integrated manipulation of radiation and scattering. By employing meta-atoms integrated with PIN diodes, the proposed method periodically modulates the operating states of the meta-atoms on a single-layer metasurface to achieve differentiated distributions of the wavefront phases of various harmonics. The proposed scheme significantly reduces design complexity and manufacturing costs. The successful realization of beam scanning and RCS reduction highlights the great potential of this technology in the integrated design of radar communication and electromagnetic stealth.
- Metasurface /
- space-time-coding sequence /
- beam scanning /
- RCS reduction

HTML全文

图 1 提出的集成有辐射-隐身功能的时空编码超表面工作原理示意图

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 2 超原子的结构，电磁响应仿真结果。时间编码调控下，各次谐波等效相位分布。仿真通过CST Microwave Studio(CST)频域求解器完成，x、y方向均采用unit cell边界条件，z方向采用open边界条件，频率范围覆盖8～11 GHz

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 3 BPSO算法流程示意图，适应度函数随迭代次数变化情况以及通过BPSO算法搜索出的用于波束扫描的时空编码序列

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 4 用于波束扫描的时空编码超表面一维、二维、三维远场散射数值模拟结果以及对应的时空编码序列

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 5 用于RCS的时空编码序列，各次谐波频谱图以及二维远场散射数值模拟结果

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 6 制造的超表面模型，局部放大图，驱动电路，生成的时空编码控制信号以及实验测试环境示意图

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 7 辐射模式下各次谐波散射方向图测试结果，散射模式下铜板、超表面散射方向图和频谱图测试结果

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

表 1 各次谐波不同情景下的偏折角度

谐波次序	–3	–2	–1	0	+1	+2	+3
目标偏折角度(°)	–45	–30	–15	0	15	30	45
模拟偏折角度(°)	–45	–29	–14	0	13	31	45
实测偏折角度(°)	–44	–28	–15	2	14	32	46

下载: 导出CSV

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