加载差分馈电的双极化磁电偶极子天线阵列

唐力; 王志辉; 赵鲁豫

doi:10.11999/JEIT260505

加载差分馈电的双极化磁电偶极子天线阵列

doi: 10.11999/JEIT260505 cstr: 32379.14.JEIT260505

1.
中国电子科技集团公司第十研究所成都 610036
2.
安徽大学合肥 230601

详细信息

作者简介:
唐力：男，高级工程师，研究方向为阵列设计，机电一体化

王志辉：男，硕士生，研究方向为天线测试与微波测量

赵鲁豫：男，博士，教授，研究方向为多天线系统，天线阵列，天线测量

通讯作者:
赵鲁豫　lyzhao@ahu.edu.cn

中图分类号: TN92
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2026-04-27
- 修回日期: 2026-06-02
- 录用日期: 2026-06-15
- 网络出版日期: 2026-06-19

A Dual-polarized Magnetoelectric Dipole Antenna Array with Differential Feeding

TANG Li¹,
WANG Zhihui²,
ZHAO Luyu^{2
, ,}

1.
The Tenth Research of China Electronics Technology Corporation, Chengdu 610036, China
2.
Anhui University, Hefei 230601, China

摘要

摘要: 随着5G毫米波通信系统对终端天线高增益、宽波束扫描及高信道容量的需求，该文针对兼具宽频带与稳定辐射特性的磁电偶极子天线，提出并设计了一种加载差分馈电的双极化天线阵列。旨在通过差分馈电结构抑制共模干扰、实现低交叉极化特性，并解决差分天线与单端射频电路的高效集成问题。首先设计了一种基于带状线-缝隙-带状线的叠层差分馈电巴伦。该巴伦采用T型缝隙-微带转换结构，实现了单端信号至差分信号的高效、宽带转换，为后续天线设计提供了良好的馈电基础。在此基础上，完成了单极化差分馈电磁电偶极子天线的设计与性能验证。进而，将研究扩展至双极化阵列。通过优化双极化差分馈电单元结构，并合理规划阵列排布，最终研制了一款1×4双极化差分馈电磁电偶极子天线阵列。该设计有效平衡了宽频带、宽角波束扫描与高集成度等多重性能指标。结果表明，所提阵列方案能够满足5G毫米波终端对高性能天线模组的要求，为相关工程应用提供了一种有效的技术路径。
- 5G毫米波 /
- 差分馈电 /
- 磁电偶极子 /
- 双极化 /
- 阵列天线
Abstract: Objective This study addresses key challenges in Fifth-Generation (5G) millimeter-wave terminal antennas by designing a compact, high-performance dual-polarized array. Existing designs often face trade-offs among bandwidth, beam-scanning range, and integration complexity. To address these limitations, this paper proposes a differentially fed magnetoelectric dipole array. A stacked stripline-slot-stripline balun is used to enable efficient single-ended-to-differential conversion, and the array design is optimized. The objective is to realize an integrated solution with wideband operation, low cross-polarization, wide-angle beam scanning, and high integration density for practical 5G millimeter-wave applications. Methods A structured design method is adopted. First, a stacked differential balun based on a stripline-slot-stripline configuration is developed to achieve efficient single-ended-to-differential conversion. A single-polarized magnetoelectric dipole antenna element is then designed and integrated with the balun, and its performance is characterized. The design is further extended by orthogonally integrating two elements to form a dual-polarized unit, which is used to construct a 1×4 linear array. Iterative full-wave electromagnetic simulation and optimization are conducted to balance wideband impedance matching, high port isolation, stable wide-angle beam scanning, grating-lobe suppression, and mutual-coupling reduction. Results and Discussions The optimized 1×4 dual-polarized differentially fed magnetoelectric dipole antenna array uses an element spacing of 4.6 mm, corresponding to 0.4 free-space wavelength at 26 GHz. This spacing achieves a favorable balance between grating-lobe suppression and inter-element mutual-coupling reduction. The measured –10 dB reflection coefficient bandwidths are 25～29.4 GHz for the +45° polarization port and 25～27.7 GHz for the –45° polarization port (Fig. 20). The slight matching difference is attributed to the incomplete structural symmetry of the baluns under the two polarization modes (Fig. 13). At 26 GHz, both polarization modes provide a peak gain of 10.7～11 dBi and support ±60° wide-angle beam scanning, with main-lobe gain attenuation no greater than 3 dB (Fig. 21). The measured radiation performance agrees well with the simulated results. Minor deviations are mainly caused by the high dimensional sensitivity of millimeter-wave structures and small errors in fabrication and test assembly. The array also maintains stable low cross-polarization and high port isolation across the operating band. These results are achieved through equal-length feed lines, symmetric layout, ground-pad shielding, and metallized-via electromagnetic isolation (Fig. 16), which suppress mutual coupling and parasitic radiation and ensure consistent dual-polarized radiation performance. Conclusions This paper presents a dual-polarized magnetoelectric dipole antenna array with differential feeding for 5G millimeter-wave applications. By using a stacked stripline-slot-stripline balun and optimizing the radiating structure and array layout, the design achieves wide bandwidth, high gain, low cross-polarization, and wide-angle beam scanning. The differential balun enables efficient single-ended-to-differential conversion with good amplitude and phase balance across the target band. The implemented 1×4 array, with an optimized element spacing of 4.6 mm, achieves a simulated peak gain of 11 dBi at 26 GHz and supports ±60° beam scanning, with gain variation below 3 dB. The overall design verifies the feasibility of a differentially fed magnetoelectric dipole architecture for compact, high-performance 5G millimeter-wave terminal antenna modules. Future work may focus on larger array configurations and further integration with BeamForming Integrated Circuits (BFICs).
- 5G millimeter-wave /
- Differential feeding /
- Magnetoelectric dipole /
- Dual-polarized /
- Array antenna

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图 1 串联型和并联型SMLT

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图 2 馈电巴伦整体结构图

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图 3 在奇模和偶模激励下的信号传输路径

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图 4 微带线与缝隙相交处电场示意图

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图 5 馈电巴伦S参数结构

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图 6 两端口相位差结果

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图 7 差分馈电磁电偶极子天线单元

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图 8 差分天线S参数曲线

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图 9 天线单元仿真方向图对比

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图 10 26 GHz频点处电流与电场分布

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图 11 差分馈电磁电偶极子天线单元结构图

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图 12 差分天线结合馈电巴伦S参数曲线

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图 13 差分天线结合馈电巴伦结构图

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图 14 结合馈电巴伦的差分磁电偶极子天线S参数

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图 15 结合巴伦差分馈电天线E, H面方向图结果

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图 16 1×4差分馈电磁电偶极子天线阵列结构图

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图 17 1×4差分馈电磁电偶极子天线阵列端口S参数

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图 18 1×4差分馈电磁电偶极子天线阵列在不同波束扫描角度下的仿真辐射方向图

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图 19 天线实物与测试环境

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图 20 S参数实测结果

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图 21 实测辐射方向图

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图 22 隔离度随扫描角的变化图

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表 1 天线尺寸结构参数表(mm)

参数	L₅	L₆	W₄	D₂	D₃	D₄	D_via
尺寸	1.5	2.4	0.6	0.6	1.0	0.6	0.3

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表 2 本文工作与其他工作对比

参考文献	单元个数	工作频段(GHz)	最大增益(dBi)	隔离度(dB)	扫描角度
[7]	8×8	24.25～29.50	18	20	/
[11]	1×4	24.40～28.90 34.20～43.40	10.52	17	+60°/±53°
[12]	1×4	24.15～27.52 36.70～40.22	10.2	12	+45°/±30°
[15]	2×2	25.00～30.00	10	16	±40°
本文	1×4	25.00～29.40 25.00～27.70	11	23	+60°

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参考文献(16)

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